Ekstrak daun bunga pukul empat dan daun pagoda sebagai tanaman antivirus untuk mengendalikan penyakit keriting pada cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.)
Abstract
Sari. Banyak petani cabai yang menggunakan pestisida kimia sebagai pilihan utama untuk mengendalikan penyakit keriting. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari potensi ekstrak tumbuhan berdaya antivirus: bunga pukul empat dan pagoda, dalam mengendalikan penyakit keriting pada cabai yang disebabkan virus. Penelitian ini dilakukan di lahan endemi penyakit keriting pada cabai merah di daerah Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan April sampai Juni 2018. Bahan yang digunakan adalah tanaman sebagai bahan pesisida nabati: bunga pukul empat dan pagoda. Alat yang digunakan blender, sprayer, jerigen, baskom dan alat tulis. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 5 perlakuan, yaitu tanpa perlakuan pestisida nabati; ekstrak daun bunga pukul empat konsentrasi 50 mL/L; ekstrak daun bunga pukul empat konsentrasi 100 mL/L; ekstrak daun pagoda konsentrasi 50 mL/L; dan ekstrak daun pagoda konsentrasi 50 mL/L. Setiap plot perlakuan terdiri dari 3 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan ekstrak daun pukul empat dan pagoda memberikan insidens penyakit dan keparahan penyakit lebih rendah daripada tanpa perlakuan pestisida nabati, sehingga memberikan hasil yang lebih baik. Hasil cabai terbesar, yaitu sebesar 255 g, diperoleh dari perlakuan ekstrak bunga pukul empat dengan konsentrasi 100 mL/L.
Kata Kunci: Cabai rawit, bunga pukul empat, pagoda, ekstrak daun
Abstract. Many chili farmers use chemical pesticides as the main choice for controlling curly diseases. This study aimed to redundant the potential of leaves extracts: four o'clock flower and pagodas, in controlling chili disease caused by viruses. This research was carried out in the endemic area of curly disease in red chili , Sukoharjo Districts. This research was carried out from April to June 2018. The material used plants as organic pesticides: leaves of four o'clock flowers and pagodas. Tools are used: blenders, sprayers, jerry cans, basins and stationery. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five treatments of leaf extracts application. There were without organic pesticides application, leaves of four o'clock flower with concentration 50 mL/L; leaves of four o'clock flower with concentration 100 mL/L; leaves of pagoda flower with concentration 50 mL/L; and leaves of pagoda flower with concentration 100 mL/L. Each treatment plot replicated three times. The results showed that leaves extract of four o’clock flower and pagoda gave lower disease incidence and disease severity than without organic pesticide, so yield of plants are higher. the best yield, about 255 g, is given by leaf extract of four o'clock flower at the dose of 100 mL/L.
Keywords: Cayenne pepper, four o'clock flower, pagoda, leaf extract
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v18i2.19615
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