Pemanfaatan fenomena pembentukan buah partenokarpi dalam perspektif pertanian di Indonesia
Abstract
Sari. Buah merupakan organ reproduktif yang memainkan peranan penting pada tanaman dalam proses perbanyakan tanaman dan penyebaran biji. Biji akan terbentuk akibat adanya proses polinasi dan fertilisasi. Pada beberapa jenis buah keberadaan biji tidak diinginkan, sehingga sekarang sudah banyak dikembangkan buah tanpa biji atau buah partenokarpi. Secara garis besar partenokarpi terdiri dari dua kelompok utama, yaitu partenokarpi alami dan partenokarpi buatan. Pisang, tomat, dan manggis merupakan contoh tanaman yang bersifat partenokarpi alami. Pembetukan buah partenokarpi dapat dilakukan melalui beberapa cara diantaranya adalah penggunaan hormone auksin/giberelin, iridiasi polen, perubahan jumlah kromosom, gene silencing, modifikasi gen, dan genome editing tools. Review ini menjelaskan mengenai pembentukan buah partenokarpi melalui pendekatan bioteknologi.
Kata Kunci: Bioteknologi, partenokarpi alami, partenokarpi buatan, buah
Abstract
Fruit is a reproductive organ that plays an important role in plants for plant propagation and seed dispersal. Seeds will be formed due to the process of pollination and fertilization. In some types of fruit, seed in the fruit is not expected, therfore recently many study have been conducted to develop seedless fruit (parthenocarpic fruit). Seedless fruit consists of two main groups namely natural and artificial partenocarpic. Bananas, tomatoes, and mangosteen are examples of natural parthenocarpy plants. Artificial parthenokarpi fruit can be developed in several methods including the use of plant hormone i.e. auksin or gibberellin, pollen iridiation, changes in chromosome number, gene silencing, gene modification, and genome editing tools. In this review, it is explained about the formation of parthenocarp fruit through a biotechnology approach.
Keywords: Biotechnology, natural parthenocarpy, artificial parthenocarpy, and fruit
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v18i2.21172
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