Parameter genetik karakter komponen hasil dan seleksi 82 genotipe ercis di dataran rendah

Mayang Ayudya Handini; Darmawan Saptadi; Budi Waluyo

doi:10.24198/kultivasi.v19i2.22931

Parameter genetik karakter komponen hasil dan seleksi 82 genotipe ercis di dataran rendah

Mayang Ayudya Handini, Darmawan Saptadi, Budi Waluyo

Abstract

Abstrak

Ercis (Pisum sativum L.) ialah salah satu tanaman dari famili Fabaceae dan tergolong tanaman legume yang memiliki nilai ekonomi cukup tinggi. Studi pemuliaan tanaman pada ercis ditujukan untuk mendapat hasil yang optimal di berbagai wilayah penanaman, salah satunya dataran rendah. Keberhasilan program seleksi memerlukan parameter genetik seperti keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas karakter 82 genotipe ercis dan menentukan genotipe yang berpotensi dikembangkan di dataran rendah. Percobaan dilaksanakan berdasarkan rancangan augmented design dengan 82 genotipe uji dan tiga pembanding (cek). Karakter yang memiliki keragaman luas dan heritabilitas tinggi terdapat pada karakter bobot brangkasan daun, bobot brangkasan batang, bobot polong kering per tanaman, dan bobot biji kering per tanaman. Genotipe-genotipe yang terseleksi di dataran rendah berdasarkan karakter bobot polong kering per tanaman dan bobot biji kering per tanaman ialah 03(16)(2)-1, Batu-1-1 dan Batu-2.

Kata Kunci: Ercis, keragaman genetik, heritabilitas, seleksi, dataran rendah

Abstract

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of plants from Fabaceae family and belongs to legume crop that have high economic value. Plant breeding studies on pea are intended to obtain optimal yield in various cultivation areas, one of which is in lowland. The success of selection program requires genetic parameters such as genetic variability and heritability. The purpose of this study was to know the genetic variability and heritability of 82 pea genotypes and select the genotypes to be developed in lowland. The experiment was conducted based on the augmented design with 82 pea genotypes tested and three checks. The characters that have wide variability and high value of heritability were found in characteristics of weight of dry leaves, weight of dry stem, dry pods per plant weight and dry seeds per plant weight. The selected pea genotypes in lowland based on characteristics of dry pods per plant weight and dry seeds per plant weight were 03(16)(2)-1, Batu-1-1 and Batu-2.

Keywords: Pea, genetic variability, heritability, selection, lowland

Keywords

Ercis, keragaman genetik, heritabilitas, seleksi, dataran rendah

Full Text:

PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)

References

Acquaah, G., 2012. Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding, 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication, Oxford, UK.

Barcchiya, J., Naidu, A.K., Mehta, A.K., Upadhyay, A., 2018. Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and yield components in pea (Pisum sativum L.) 6, 3324–3327.

Dahl, W.J., Foster, L.M., Tyler, R.T., 2012. Review of the health benefits of peas (Pisum sativum L.). Br. J. Nutr. 108, S3–S10. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114512000852

Handayani, T., Hidayat, I., 2012. Keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas beberapa karakter utama pada kedelai sayur dan implikasinya untuk seleksi perbaikan produksi. J. Hort. 22, 327–333.

Hapsari, R.T., 2014. Pendugaan keragaman genetik dan korelasi antara komponen hasil kacang hijau berumur genjah. Bul. Plasma Nutfah 20, 51–58. https://doi.org/10.21082/blpn.v20n2.2014.p51-58

Herawati, R., Purwoko, B.S., Dewi, I.S., 2009. Keragaman genetik dan karakter agronomi galur haploid ganda padi gogo dengan sifat-sifat tipe baru hasil kultur antera. J. Agron. Indones. 37, 87–94.

Jaiswal, N.K., Gupta, A.K., Dewangan, H., Lavanya, G.R., 2013. Genetic variability analysis in field pea (Pisum sativum L.). Int. J. Sci. Res. 14, 2319–7064.

Jameela, H., Sugiharto, A.N., Soegianto, A., 2014. Keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas karakter komponen hasil pada populasi F2 buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) hasil persilangan varietas introduksi dengan varietas lokal. J. Protan. 2, 324–329.

Jhanavi, D.R., Patil, H.B., Justin, P., Hadimani, R.H.P., Mulla, S.W.R., Sarvamangala, C., 2018. Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance studies in french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes. Indian J. Agric. Res. 52, 162–166. https://doi.org/10.18805/IJARe.A-4923

Katoch, V., Singh, P., Devi, M.B., Sharma, A., Sharma, G.D., Sharma, J.K., 2016. Study of genetic variability, character association, path analysis and selection parameters for heterotic recombinant inbred lines of garden peas (Pisum sativum var. hortense L.) under mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh, India. Legum. Res. 39, 163–169. https://doi.org/10.18805/lr.v0iOF.6775

Kementerian Pertanian, 2017. Statistik mikro sektor pertanian. Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian.

Larmure, A., Munier-Jolain, N.G., 2019. High temperatures during the seed-filling period decrease seed nitrogen amount in pea (Pisum sativum L.): evidence for a sink limitation. Front. Plant Sci. 10, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01608

Peterson, R.G. 1994. Agricultural Field Experiment Design and Analysis. Mecel Dekker. Inc. New York.

Purnamaningsih, S.L., Saptadi, D., Waluyo, B., 2019. Pengembangan ercis (Pisum sativum L.) jenis biji kering (dry peas) berdasarkan seleksi genotip berdaya hasil tinggi pada polong dan biji, in: Brotodjojo, R.R.R., Puspitaningrum, D.A., Widodo, R.A. (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional “Pembangunan Pertanian Indonesia dalam Memperkuat Lumbung Pangan, Fundamental Ekonomi, dan Daya Saing Global.” Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, pp. 1140–1147.

Sa’diyah, N., Widiastuti, M., Ardian, 2013. Keragaan, keragaman, dan heritabilitas karakter agronomi kacang panjang (Vigna unguiculata) generasi F1 hasil persilangan tiga genotipe. J. Agrotek Trop. 1, 32–37.

Sari, G.N., Lestari Purnamaningsih, S., Saptadi, D., Zanetta, C.U., Waluyo, B., Sari, G.N., Purnamaningsih, S.L., Saptadi, D., Zanetta, C.U., Waluyo, B., 2019. Penampilan dan jarak genetik galur ercis yang diseleksi dari potensi genetik lokal Indonesia berdasarkan karakter agromorfologi, in: Brotodjojo, R.R.R., Puspitaningrum, D.A., Widodo, R.A. (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional “Pembangunan Pertanian Indonesia dalam Memperkuat Lumbung Pangan, Fundamental Ekonomi, dan Daya Saing Global.” Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, pp. 1148–1159.

Saxesena, R.R., Vidyakar, V., Vishwakarma, M.K., Yadav, P.S., Meena, M.L., Lal, G.M., 2014. Genetic variability and heritability analysis for some quantitative traits in field pea (Pisum sativum L.). The Bioscan 9, 895–898.

Selvaraj, I., Pothiraj, N., Thiyagarajan, K., Bharathi, M., Rabindran, R., 2011. Genetic parameters of variability, correlation and path-coefficient studies for grain yield and other yield Attributes among rice blast disease resistant genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa L.). African J. Biotechnol. 10, 3322–3334. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb10.2575

Sharma, J.R. 2006. Statistical and Biometrical Technique in Plant Breeding. Reprint. New Age International Ltd. Publishers. New Delhi.

Singh, RK and BD Chaudary. 1977. Biometrical Methods in Quantitative Genetics Analysis. Kalyani Publishers. Indiana New Delhi.

Stansfield, W.D., 1991. Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Genetics. McGraw-Hill, New York.

Syukur, M., Sujiprihati, S., Yunianti, R., Kusumah, D.A., 2011. Pendugaan ragam genetik dan heritabilitas karakter komponen hasil beberapa genotip cabai. J. Agrivigor 10, 148–156.

Ton, A., Karakoy, T., Anlarsal, A.E., Turkeri, M., 2018. Genetic variability, heritability and path analysis in field pea (Pisum sativum L.). Fresenius Environ. Bull. 27, 2275–2279.

UPOV, 2009. Guideline for The Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity, and Stability of Pea (Pisum sativum L.). Geneva, Switzerland.

Waluyo, B., Saptadi, D., Lestari Purnamaningsih, S., 2019. Seleksi genotip potensial ercis (Pisum sativum L.) fase polong hijau [kacang polong (green peas) berbiji besar dan hasil tinggi untuk pelepasan varietas unggul, in: Brotodjojo, R.R.R., Puspitaningrum, D.A., Widodo, R.A. (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional “Pembangunan Pertanian Indonesia dalam Memperkuat Lumbung Pangan, Fundamental Ekonomi, dan Daya Saing Global.” Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, pp. 1131–1139.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v19i2.22931