Hormon etilen dan auksin serta kaitannya dalam pembentukan tomat tahan simpan dan tanpa biji
Abstract
Sari
Tomat merupakan salah satu komoditas tanaman hortikultura penting di Indonesia. Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi, sudah banyak dikembangkan varietas tomat baru yang mempunyai karakter-karakter yang diinginkan antara lain tahan akan penyakit, produktivitas tinggi tinggi, kandungan nutrisi tinggi dan lain-lain. Penerapan teknologi melalui pendekatan hormonal sangat penting untuk menghasilkan jenis tomat baru, diantaranya adalah hormone etilen dan auksin. Kedua hormone tersebut sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tomat khususnya untuk menghasilkan tomat yang adaptif pada kondisi lingkungan tercekam dan ketahanan simpan buah yang tinggi. Teknologi mutasi pada kedua hormone tersebut sudah dapat menghasilkan tomat yang diinginkan diantaranya adalah tomat iaa9-3 yang merupakan tomat yang mengalami mutasi pada gen IAA9 dengan karakter yang dihasilkan berupa buah tanpa biji dan tomat Sletr1-2 yang merupakan tomat yang mengalami mutasi pada gen SlETR1 dengan karakter yang dihasilkan berupa buah tomat tahan simpan. Dalam review ini akan dibahas bagaimana peranan auksin, etilen dan peranan mutasi dalam menghasilkan tomat tanpa biji dan tahan simpan, serta persektif masa depan dalam pengembangan tomat di Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: Auksin, etilen, mutasi partenokarpi, tomat
Abstract
Tomato is one of the important horticultural crops in Indonesia. Along with technological developments, many new tomato varieties have been developed that have the desired characteristics, including disease resistance, high productivity, high nutrient content and others. The application of technology through a hormonal approach is very important to produce new varieties of tomatoes, including ethylene and auxin. Both of these hormones are very influential on the growth and yield of tomatoes, especially to produce tomatoes that are adaptive to stressful environmental conditions and high fruit storage resistance. The mutation technology in these two hormones has been able to produce the desired tomatoes, including tomatoes iaa9-3, which is a tomato that has a mutation in the IAA9 gene with the resulting characters in the form of seedless fruit. Sletr1-2 tomatoes, which are tomatoes that have mutations in the SlETR1 gene with the resulting character is a shelf-stable tomato. This review will discuss the role of auxin, ethylene and the role of mutations in producing parthenocarpy tomato and long fruit shelf-life tomatoes, as well as future perspectives in the development of tomatoes in Indonesia.
Keyword: Auxin, ethylene, mutation, parthenocarpy, tomato
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v19i3.29408
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