Stabilitas hasil dan adaptabilitas galur-galur harapan kacang Bogor di tiga lokasi

Darmawan Saptadi; Descha Giatri Cahyaningrum; Noer Rahmi Ardiarini; Budi Waluyo

doi:10.24198/kultivasi.v20i2.32418

Stabilitas hasil dan adaptabilitas galur-galur harapan kacang Bogor di tiga lokasi

Darmawan Saptadi, Descha Giatri Cahyaningrum, Noer Rahmi Ardiarini, Budi Waluyo

Abstract

Abstrak

Kacang Bogor (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt) potensial dikembangkan sebagai komoditi pangan rendah lemak. Pengembangan dan peningkatan hasil komoditas ini dapat dilakukan melalui penyediaan varietas unggul. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui stabilitas dan adaptabilitas hasil enam galur harapan kacang Bogor, yaitu GSG 2.1.1, GSG 2.5, GSG 1.5, CCC 1.4.1, PWBG 5.3.1, dan BBL 6.1.1. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga lokasi yang memiliki karakteristik ketinggian tempat, kondisi lahan, dan musim tanam berbeda. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis varians gabungan. Analisis regresi digunakan untuk menentukan stabilitas dan adaptabilitas hasil berdasarkan Eberhart-Russell dan Finlay-Wilkinson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat interaksi genotipe x lingkungan pada bobot hasil panen polong segar dan bobot hasil biji kering. Galur GSG 2.5 dan CCC 1.4.1 mempunyai hasil polong segar dengan rata-rata 15,50 t ha^-1 dan 15,71 t ha^-1 dan hasil biji kering dengan rata-rata 4,58 t ha^-1 dan 4,57 t.ha^-1 yang stabil dan beradaptasi luas. Galur GSG 1.5 dan BBL 6.1.1 merupakan galur yang mempunyai potensi hasil tinggi untuk polong segar dengan rata-rata 17,16 t ha^-1 dan 18,90 t.ha^-1 pada lingkungan yang produktif.

Kata Kunci: interaksi G x E, kacang Bogor, pemuliaan tanaman, stabilitas hasil, uji adaptasi

Abstract

The bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt) has the potential to become a low-fat food commodity. The development and improvement of this commodity yield can be accomplished through the introduction of superior varieties. The purpose of this study were to investigate the yield stability and adaptation of six potential Bambara groundnut lines, namely GSG 2.1.1, GSG 2.5, GSG 1.5, CCC 1.4.1, PWBG 5.3.1, and BBL 6.1.1. The study was carried out in three different locations with varying altitude, land type, and growing season. A randomized block design with three replications was implemented in the experiment, which was then followed by a combined analysis of variance. Regression analysis was used to determine the stability and adaptation of yield based on Eberhart-Russell and Finlay-Wilkinson. The results revealed that there was an interaction between genotypes and environments on yield of fresh pods weight and yield of dried seeds weight. Lines of GSG 2.5 and CCC 1.4.1 had fresh pod yields with an average of 15.50 t ha^-1 and 15.71 t ha^-1 and dry seed yields an average of 4.58 t ha^-1 and 4.57 t ha^-1 which is stable and wide adaptations. In an ideal environment, the GSG 1.5 and BBL 6.1.1 lines had high yield potential for fresh pods, with an average of 17.16 t ha^-1 and 18.90 t ha^-1.

Keywords: adaptation test, Bambara groundnut, G x E interaction, plant breeding, yield stability

Keywords

interaksi G x E; kacang Bogor; pemuliaan tanaman; stabilitas hasil; uji adaptasi

Full Text:

PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)

References

Adie, M.M., A. Krisnawati, and G. Susanto. 2013. Genotype × environment interactions, yield potential and stability of black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) promising lines. Ber. Biol. 12(1): 79–86.

Akande, S.R., L.B. Taiwo, A.A. Adegbite, and O.F. Owolade. 2009. Genotype x environment interaction for soybean grain yield and other reproductive characters in the forest and savanna agro-ecologies of South-west Nigeria. African J. Plant Sci. 3(6): 127–132.

Akmal, A., C. Gunarsih, dan M.Y. Samaullah. 2015. Adaptasi dan stabilitas hasil galur-galur aromatik padi sawah di Sumatera Utara. J. Penelit. Pertan. Tanam. Pangan 33(1): 9. doi: 10.21082/jpptp.v33n1.2014.p9-16.

Allard, R.W., and A.D. Bradshaw. 1964. Implications of genotype‐environmental interactions in applied plant breeding. Crop Sci. 4(5): 503–508. doi: 10.2135/cropsci1964.0011183x000400050021x.

Annicchiarico, P. 2002. Genotype x environment interactions: challenges and opportunities for plant breeding and cultivar recommendations. Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations, Rome, Italy.

Annicchiarico, P., F. Bellah, and T. Chiari. 2006. Repeatable genotype x location interaction and its exploitation by conventional and GIS-based cultivar recommendation for durum wheat in Algeria. Eur. J. Agron. 24(1): 70–81. doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2005.05.003.

Arif, A., N. Kendarini, and Kuswanto. 2016. Evaluation of genetic purity on 20 genotypes of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdcourt) selected from single seed descent morphological character. J. Produksi Tanam. 4(3): 169–173. http://protan.studentjournal.ub.ac.id/index.php/protan/article/view/277/268.

Asad, M.A., H.R. Bughio, I.A. Odhano, M.A. Arain, and M.S. Bughio. 2009. Interactive effect of genotype and environment on the paddy yield in Sindh province. Pakistan J. Bot. 41(4): 1775–1779.

Baye, T.M., T. Abebe, and R.A. Wilke. 2011. Genotype-environment interactions and their translational implications. Per. Med. 8(1): 59–70. doi: 10.2217/pme.10.75.

Becker, H., and J. Leon. 1988. Stability Analysis in Plant Breeding. Plant Breed. 101(1): 1–23. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00261.x.

Berchie, J., H. Dapaah, A. Agyeman, J. Sarkodie-Addo, J. Addo, et al. 2016. Performance of five bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) landraces in the trasition agroecology of Ghana under different sowing dates. Agric. Food Sci. J. Ghana 9: 718–729.

Chijioke, O.B., U.M. Ifeanyi, and A.C. Blessing. 2010. Pollen behaviour and fertililization impairment in Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterrenea [L.] Verdc.). J. Plant Breed. Crop Sci. 2(1): 12–23. http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/download.php?id=171100628520309740.pdf&type=application/pdf&op=1.

Dolinassou, S., J.B.N. Tchiagam, A.D. Kemoral, and N.N. Yanou. 2016. Genotype × environment interaction and kernel yield-stability of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Northern Cameroon. J. Appl. Biol. Biotechnol. 4(01): 1–7. doi: 10.7324/jabb.2016.40101.

Eberhart, S.A., and W.A. Russell. 1966. Stability parameters for comparing varieties. Crop Sci. 6(1): 36–40. doi: 10.2135/cropsci1966.0011183x000600010011x.

Farshadfar, E., M.M. Poursiahbidi, and M. Jasemi. 2012. Evaluation of phenotypic stability in bread wheat genotypes using GGE-biplot. Int. J. Agric. Crop Sci. 4(13): 904–910.

Finlay, K.W., and G.N. Wilkinson. 1963. The analysis of adaptation in a plant-breeding programme. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 14(6): 742–754. doi: 10.1071/AR9630742.

Gomez, K.A., dan A.A. Gomez. 1995. Prosedur Statistik untuk Penelitian Pertanian. 2nd ed. UI-Press, Jakarta.

Hanum, C. 2013. Pertumbuhan, hasil, dan mutu biji kedelai dengan pemberian pupuk organik dan Fosfor. J. Agron. Indones. 41(3): 209–214. doi: 10.24831/jai.v41i3.8098.

LeClerg, E.L., W.H. Leonard, and A.G. Clark. 1966. Field Plot Technique. 2nd ed. Burges Publishing Company, Minneapolis 23, Minnesota.

Mabhaudhi, T., and A.T. Modi. 2013. Growth, phenological and yield responses of a bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) landrace to imposed water stress under field conditions. South African J. Plant Soil 30(2): 69–79. doi: 10.1080/02571862.2013.790492.

Muhammad, Y.Y., S. Mayes, and F. Massawe. 2016. Effects of short-Term water deficit stress on physiological characteristics of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.). South African J. Plant Soil 33(1): 51–58. doi: 10.1080/02571862.2015.1056847.

Nor, K.M., and F.B. Cady. 1979. Methodology for identifying wide adaptability in crops. Agron. J. 71: 556–559.

Nugraha, A.A., N.R. Ardiarini, dan Kuswanto. 2017. Uji keseragaman galur dan kekerabatan antar galur kacang Bogor (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc) hasil single seed descent kedua. J. Produksi Tanam. 5(7): 1196–1206.

Nuryati, A. Soegianto, and Kuswanto. 2014. Genetic relationship and variability among Indonesian purified local lines of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) based on morphological characters. African J. Sci. Res. (3): 18–24. http://ajsr.rstpublishers.com/.

Petersen, R.R. 1994. Agricultural Field Experiments: Design and Analysis. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York-Basel-Hongkong.

Pratama, P., dan D. Saptadi. 2017. Uji daya hasil delapan galur harapan kacang Bogor (Vigna subterranea L. Verdcourt.) berdaya hasil tinggi. J. Produksi Tanam. 5(10): 1686–1691. http://protan.studentjournal.ub.ac.id/index.php/protan/article/viewFile/558/561.

Pungulani, L., D. Kadyampakeni, L. Nsapato, and M. Kachapila. 2012. Selection of high yielding and farmers’ preferred genotypes of bambara Nut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc) in Malawi. Am. J. Plant Sci. 03(12): 1802–1808. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2012.312a221.

Purwoko, B.S., D. Wirnas, and S. Dewi. 2014. Potensi dan stabilitas hasil, serta adaptabilitas galur-galur padi gogo tipe baru hasil kultur antera. J. Agron. Indones. 42(1): 9–16.

Rahayu, S., A.K. Dewi, Yulidar, D. Wirnas, dan H. Aswidinnoor. 2013. Analisis stabilitas dan adaptabilitas beberapa galur padi dataran tinggi hasil mutasi induksi. A Sci. J. Appl. Isot. Radiat. 9(2): 81–90.

Rahmawati, A., H. Purnamawati, dan Y.W.E. Kusumo. 2016. Pertumbuhan dan produksi kacang Bogor (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt) pada beberapa jarak tanam dan frekuensi pembumbunan. Bul. Agrohorti 4(3): 302.

Rahmianna, A.A., H. Pratiwi, dan D. Harnowo. 2015. Budidaya Kacang Tanah. dalam: Kasno, A., Rahmianna, A.A., Mejaya, I.M.J., Harnowo, D., dan Purnomo, S., editor. Kacang Tanah, Inovasi Teknologi dan Pengembangan Produk. Balitkabi, Malang. p. 133–169

Sabaghnia, N., R. Karimizadeh, and M. Mohammadi. 2012. Genotype by environment interaction and stability analysis for grain yield of lentil genotypes. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture 99(3): 305–312.

Safuan, L.O., Buludin, dand N.W.S. Suliartini. 2012. Pengaruh residu bahan organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan poduksi tanaman kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis L.). J. Agroteknos 2(1): 1–8.

Schaafsma, G. 2012. Advantages and limitations of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) as a method for evaluating protein quality in human diets. Br. J. Nutr. 108(SUPPL. 2): 333–336. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512002541.

Syukur, M., S. Sujiprihati, dan R. Yunianti. 2012. Teknik Pemuliaan Tanaman. Penebar Swadaya, Bogor.

Yao, D.N., K.N. Kouassi, D. Erba, F. Scazzina, N. Pellegrini, et al. 2015. Nutritive evaluation of the Bambara groundnut Ci12 landrace [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. (Fabaceae)] produced in Côte d’Ivoire. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 16(9): 21428–21441. doi: 10.3390/ijms160921428.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v20i2.32418