Pengaruh bahan organik terhadap kesuburan tanah serta pertumbuhan dan fisiologi tanaman kakao muda hasil transplanting di tanah Inceptisol
Abstract
Abstrak
Penanaman bibit kakao pada tanah inceptisol memiliki beberapa kendala, salah satunya adalah bahan organik rendah. Peningkatan pertumbuhan tanaman kakao pada awal tanam dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian bahan organik. Saat ini terdapat bahan organik berbentuk cair, namun pengaruhnya terhadap kakao belum menghasilkan belum diketahui, karena pada umumnya bahan organik yang digunakan pada tanaman kakao berbentuk padat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruh bahan organik berbeda (asam humat dan pupuk kotoran sapi) terhadap kesuburan tanah, pertumbuhan, dan fisiologi tanaman kakao belum menghasilkan. Percobaan dilakukan pada bulan Januari sampai Desember 2017 di kebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 9 perlakuan dan 3 (tiga) ulangan. Perlakuan yang diaplikasikan adalah dosis asam humat per tanaman (0 mL, 5 mL, 10 mL, 15 mL, dan 20 mL) serta dosis pupuk kotoran sapi per tanaman (0 kg, 5 kg, 10 kg, 15 kg, dan 20 kg). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua jenis bahan organik cenderung meningkatkan kapasitas tukar kation dan kandungan C-organik, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap pH tanah. Bahan organik padat maupun cair tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap pertambahan tinggi tanaman, pertambahan diameter batang, dan indeks klorofil pada tanaman kakao belum menghasilkan, namun pupuk kotoran sapi 10 kg per tanaman yang diberikan pada awal pertumbuhan tanaman memberikan pertambahan jumlah daun terbaik.
Kata kunci: Asam humat ∙ Kakao ∙ Kotoran sapi ∙ Tanaman belum menghasilkan
Abstract
Planting cacao seedlings on inceptisol face several problems, one of them is low organic matter content. The application of organic materials can be used to increase cocoa plant growth at early planting stage. Recently, new formulation of organic fertilizer, i.e., liquid organic fertilization, has been produced, but its effects on immature cocoa plants growth have not been clearly identified, because the organic matter applied in cocoa plants is usually the solid ones. The objectives of this experiment was to investigate the effect of different organic matter (humic acid and solid cow manure) on soil fertility, the growth and physiology of immature cocoa plants. The experiment was conducted from January to December 2017 in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor. Randomized Block Design was performed in this experiment with 9 treatments and 3 replications. Applied treatments were doses of humic acid per plant (0 mL, 5 mL, 10 mL, 15 mL and 20 mL) and doses of cow manure per plant (0 kg, 5 kg, 10 kg, 15 kg and 20 kg). The results showed that both organic matters tended to cation exchange capacity and C-organic conten, but did not affect the soil pH. Both organic matters did not significantly affect the increase of plant height, the increase of stem diameter, and chlorophyll index of immature cocoa plants, but 10 kg of solid cow dung per plant given at the beginning of plant growth gave the highest number of leaves produced.
Keywords : Humic acid ∙ Cocoa ∙ Cow manure ∙ Immature plant
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v20i3.32621
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