Serapan nitrogen dan fosfor serta hasil jagung yang dipengaruhi oleh aplikasi pupuk hayati dengan berbagai teknik dan dosis pada tanah Inceptisols

Betty Natalie Fitriatin, Muhammad Iqbal Maulana Yusuf, Anne Nurbaity, Nadia Nuraniya Kamaluddin, Meddy Rachmady, Emma Trinurani Sofyan

Abstract


Abstrak  

Upaya meningkatkan unsur hara nitrogen (N) dan fosfor (P) tanah secara berkelanjutan adalah dengan memanfaatkan agen hayati bakteri penambat nitrogen dan bakteri pelarut fosfat. Percobaan pot dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menentukan teknik aplikasi pupuk hayati dalam meningkatkan kandungan dan serapan hara N dan P  serta hasil tanaman jagung pada Inceptisols Jatinangor. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Lahan Percobaan milik Laboratorium Kesuburan Tanah dan Nutrisi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran. Pupuk hayati yang digunakan merupakan konsorsium bakteri penambat N (Azotobacter chroococcum dan Azospirillum sp.) dan bakteri pelarut P (Pseudomonas malei dan Bacillus subtillis). Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan sembilan perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari tanpa aplikasi pupuk hayati (kontrol); aplikasi pupuk hayati menggunakan perlakuan benih dengan dosis 500 g dan 250 g/ha; aplikasi pupuk hayati ke dalam tanah dengan dosis 50 kg dan 25 kg/ha; dan kombinasi antara perlakuan benih dan aplikasi ke dalam tanah. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa teknik aplikasi pada benih, pada tanah, dan kombinasinya meningkatkan serapan N dan P serta hasil tanaman jagung. Perlakuan pupuk hayati pada benih 500 g/ha + aplikasi pada tanah 50 kg/ha merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam meningkatkan serapan N sebesar 51% dan serapan P hingga 90% dibandingkan kontrol. Perlakuan pada benih 250 g/ha + aplikasi pada tanah 25 kg/ha merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam meningkatkan hasil sebesar 56% dibandingkan kontrol. Teknik aplikasi pupuk hayati yang efisien dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan produksi tanaman jagung.

Kata kunci: Aplikasi tanah ∙ Keamanan pangan ∙ Pelarut fosfat ∙ Penambat nitrogenPerlakuan benih 

 

Abstract. The application of biological agents such as nitrogen fixing bacteria and phosphate solubilizing bacteria  is an effort to increase soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content. Pot experiment aimed to determine the best application technique of biofertilizer to increase N and P uptake and the yield of maize on Inceptisols. The experiment was carried out at the experimental field of the Laboratory of Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. Biofertilizers contained of N-fixing bacteria  (Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum sp.) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria  (Pseudomonas malei and Bacillus subtillis).  The experiment used a randomized block design with nine treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of without biofertilizer application (control); biofertilizers application to seed (seed treatment) at a dose of 500 g ha-1 and 250 g ha-1; biofertilizers application to the soil (soil treatment) with a dose of 50 kg ha-1 and 25 kg ha-1; and the combinations between seed treatment and soil treatment. The results showed that the application of seed treatment, soil treatment, and their combination increased N and P uptake and yields of maize. The seed treatment at a dose of 500 g ha-1 + soil treatment at a dose of 50 kg ha-1 were the best treatment for increasing N uptake by 51% and P uptake by 90% compared to control. The seed treatment at a dose of 250 g ha-1 + soil treatment at a dose of 25 kg ha-1 increased yield of maize by 56% (213.40 g). Efficient biofertilizer application techniques could be used to increase maize production.

Keywords: Soil application ∙ Food security ∙ Phosphate solubilizing ∙ Nitrogen fixingSeed treatment 


Keywords


Aplikasi tanah; Keamanan pangan; Pelarut fosfat; Penambat nitrogen; Perlakuan benih

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v20i3.34107

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