Pengaruh interval penyiraman terhadap pertumbuhan dan adaptasi tiga bawang merah komersial

Grace Pratiwi Manurung, Kusumiyati Kusumiyati, Jajang Sauman Hamdani

Abstract


Abstrak

Air merupakan salah satu faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Pemberian air yang sering dapat menyebabkan kelembaban tinggi (> 70%) dan menjadi tempat tumbuh yang baik bagi hama dan penyakit sedangkan air yang tidak mencukupi dapat menyebabkan cekaman kekeringan bagi tanaman. Bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang peka terhadap ketersediaan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan interval penyiraman yang efektif dan efisien terhadap pertumbuhan tiga kultivar unggul bawang merah. Percobaan dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan milik Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran (± 730 meter di atas permukaan laut). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Petak Terbagi yang terdiri dari tiga petak utama dan tiga anak petak yang diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Petak utama adalah kultivar, yang terdiri dari kultivar (cv.) Bima, cv. Trisula, dan cv. Sumenep, sedangkan anak petak adalah interval penyiraman, yang terdiri dari penyiraman sehari sekali, dua hari sekali, dan tiga hari sekali. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara interval penyiraman dan kultivar terhadap bobot akar dan kadar air relatif daun. Pengaruh mandiri dari perlakuan kultivar maupun interval penyiraman mempengaruhi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan panjang akar, sementara tidak terjadi pengaruh yang nyata pada kandungan klorofil maupun konduktansi stomata. Tanaman bawang merah dapat beradaptasi pada kekurangan air dengan memperpendek tinggi tanaman, mengurangi jumlah daun, dan memperpanjang akar. Interval penyiraman yang menghasilkan pertumbuhan terbaik pada semua kultivar yang diuji adalah sehari sekali.

Kata Kunci : Klorofil · Konduktansi stomata · cv. Bima · cv. Trisula · cv. Sumenep

 

Abstract

Water is one of environmental factor that affect plant growth and development. Frequent watering can cause high humidity (> 70%) and become a good medium and growing place for pest and disease, but infrequent watering can cause water stress for the plant. Shallot is one of the sensitive plant to water availability. This study aimed to determine the effective and efficient watering interval for supporting the growth of three superior cultivars of shallot. The experiment was conducted in the experimental garden of Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran (± 730 meter above sea level). The experimental design was split plot design consisted of three main plots, three sub plots and four replications. The main plot was cultivar, i.e., cv. Bima, cv. Trisula, and cv. Sumenep. The sub plot was watering interval, i.e., once a day (1 day 1x), once in two days (2 days 1x), and once in three days (3 days 1x). The result showed that there was an interaction between watering intervals and cultivars on root weight and relative water content of leaves. The independent effect of cultivar factor and watering interval affected plant height, number of leaves, and root length, while there was no significant effect on chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance. Shallot could adapt to water shortages by shortening plant height, reducing the number of leaves, and extending roots. Watering interval that caused the best growth performance on all tested cultivars was once a day.

Keywords: Chlorophyll · Stomatal conductance · cv. Bima · cv. Trisula · cv. Sumenep


Keywords


klorofil; konduktansi stomata; cv. Bima; cv. Trisula; cv. Sumenep

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v21i1.34836

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