Optimization of rabbit urine liquid organic fertilizer and reduced NPK fertilizer doses for improving growth and physiology of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.)

Etik Wukir Tini; Rifqi Raditya Kurniawan

doi:10.24198/kultivasi.v24i2.63221

Optimization of rabbit urine liquid organic fertilizer and reduced NPK fertilizer doses for improving growth and physiology of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.)

Etik Wukir Tini, Rifqi Raditya Kurniawan

Abstract

Rabbit urine liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) can be used as an alternative fertilizer to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers, especially for shallots, as a national food commodity. This study aims to determine the best concentration of rabbit urine LOF, the best dose of NPK fertilizer dose reduction, and a combination of rabbit urine LOF and NPK fertilizer dose reduction on the physiological characters of shallot plants. The observed variables consisted of net assimilation rate, crop growth rate, stomatal density, stomatal aperture, and chlorophyll content. The experimental results showed that a concentration of 200 mL L-1 of rabbit urine LOF had the best effect on several physiological characteristics studied. In addition, a 50% reduction in the NPK dose had the best effect on physiological characteristics compared to other treatments. Rabbit urine LOF 200 mL L-1 and a 50% reduction in NPK doses had a significant interaction effect on the physiological characters of shallot plants.

Keywords

Sustainable; Organic fertilizer; Shallot; Rhizomes

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abbas S, Javed MT, Ali Q, Azeem M, Ali S. 2021. Nutrient deficiency stress and relation with plant growth and development. In Engineering tolerance in crop plants against abiotic stress (pp. 239-262). CRC Press.

Andrés Z Pérex-Hormaeche JP, Leidi EO, Schlücking K, Steinhorst L, McLachla DH, Schumacher K, Hetherington AM, Kudla JV, Cubero B. 2014. Control of vacuolar dynamics and regulation of stomatal aperture to tonoplast potassium uptake. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111: 1806–1814.

Arnon DI. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24(1): 1–15.

Ayu PM. 2022. Winnowing of Some Onion Varieties Red (Allium cepa L.) to Aluminium. NUCLEUS, 3(2): 197-202.

Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional. 2013. Studi Pendahuluan Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN) Bidang Pangan dan Pertanian 2015-2019.

Badan Pusat Statistik. 2024. Statistic of horticulture 2023 (Vol. 5). Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.

Baio FHR, Gava R, Teodoro LPR, Alvarez RDCV, Alves MEM, Santana DC, Teodoro PE, 2024. A New Proposal for Soybean Plant Stand: Variation Based on the Law of the Minimum. Plants, 13(22): 3193.

Cai S, Chen G, Wang Y, Huang Y, Marchant DB, Wang Y, Chen ZH. 2017. Evolutionary conservation of ABA signaling for stomatal closure. Plant physiology, 174(2): 732-747.

Ceccarini C, Antognoni F, Biondi S, Fraternale A, Verardo G, Gorassini A, Scoccianti V. 2019. Polyphenol-enriched spelt husk extracts improve growth and stress-related biochemical parameters under moderate salt stress in maize plants. Plant physiology and biochemistry, 141: 95-104.

Durand M, Matule B, Burgess A, Robson TM. 2021. Sunfleck properties from time series of fluctuating light. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 308: 108554.

Ezcurra E, Montana C, Arizaga S. 1991. Architecture, Light Interception, and Distribution of Larrea Species in the Monte Desert, Argentina. Ecology, 72: 23-34.

Falster DS & Westoby M. 2003. Leaf size and angle vary widely among species: what are the consequences for light capture. New Phytologist, 158(3): 509–525.

Fauziah R, Susila AD, Sulistyono E. 2016. Budidaya bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) pada lahan kering menggunakan irigasi sprinkler pada berbagai volume dan frekuensi. Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia, 7(1): 1-8.

Gardner FP, Pearce RB, Mitchel RL. (1991). Physiology of crop plants (2nd ed.). Iowa State University Press.

Golec AD & Szarejko I. 2013. Open or Close the Gate–Stomata Action Under the Control of Phytohormones in Drought Stress Conditions. Journal Plant Science, 4(138): 1-16.

Goltsev VN, Kalaji HM, Paunov M, Bąba W, Horaczek T, Mojski J, Allakhverdiev SI. 2016. Variable chlorophyll fluorescence and its use for assessing physiological condition of plant photosynthetic apparatus. Russian J Plant Physiology, 63(6): 869–893.

Greco C, Comparetti A, Fascella G, Febo P La Placa G, Saiano F, Laudicina VA. 2021. Effects of vermicompost, compost and digestate as commercial alternative peat-based substrates on qualitative parameters of Salvia officinalis. Agronomy, 11(1): 98.

Huang ZA, Jiang DA, Yang Y, Sun JW, Jin SH. 2004 Effects of nitrogen deficiency on gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and antioxidant enzymes in leaves of rice plants. Photosynthetica, 42(3): 357-364.

Irianto I, Yakup Y, Harun MU, Susilawati S. 2017. Growth and yield characteristics of three shallot varieties affected by phosphate fertilizer dosages on ultisol. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 65(5): 245-254.

Islam MM, Urmi TA, Rana MS, Alam MS, Haque MM. 2019. Green manuring effects on crop morpho-physiological characters, rice yield and soil properties. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 25: 303-312.

Izza, F. 2015. Karakteristik Stomata Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L.) dan Hubungannya dengan Transpirasi Tanaman di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Maulanga Malik Ibrahim Malang. Prosiding KPSDA, 1(1).

Jia YB, Yang XE, Feng Y, Jilani G. 2008. Differential response of root morphology to potassium deficient stress among rice genotypes varying in potassium efficiency. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, 9: 427–434.

Karlsson PM, Herdean A, Adolfsson L, Beebo A, Nziengui H, Irigoyen S, Aronsson H. 2015. The Arabidopsis thylakoid transporter PHT 4; 1 influences phosphate availability for ATP synthesis and plant growth. Plant J, 84(1): 99–110.

Kartinaty E, Tofan M, Wijayanto N. 2019. Evaluasi Performa Lima Varietas Unggul Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) pada Kondisi Dataran Rendah. Jurnal Agrotekbis, 7(2): 77-86.

Lasmini SA, IdhaM I, Nasir BH, Pasaru F,Lakani I, Khasanah N. 2022. Agronomic performance of shallot (Allium cepa L. var. Aggregatum) under different mulch and organic fertilizers. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 25(2): 1-9.

Li R, Hao H, Sun H, Wang L, Wang H. 2022. Composted rabbit manure as organic matrix for manufacturing horticultural growing media: composting process and seedling effects. Sustainability, 14(9): 5146.

Liebig JV. 1843. Die Chemie in ihrer Anwendung auf Agricultur und Physiologie (Chemistry in its applications to agriculture and physiology). F. Vieweg und Sohn.

Lin YL, Chao YY, Huang WD, Kao CH. 2011. Effect of nitrogen deficiency on antioxidant status and Cd toxicity in rice seedlings. Plant Growth Regul, 64(3): 263–273.

Marchesi G. 2020. Justus von Liebig Makes the World: Soil Properties and Social Change in the Nineteenth Century. Environ. Hum., 12(1): 205.

Mojaddam M & Noori A. 2015. The effect of sowing date and plant density on growth analysis parameters of cowpeas. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 5(1): 224-230.

Muhammad I, Yang L, Ahmad S, Farooq S, Al-Ghamdi AA, Khan A, Zhou XB. 2022. Nitrogen fertilizer modulates plant growth, chlorophyll pigments and enzymatic activities under different irrigation regimes. Agronomy, 12(4): 845.

Murata Y, Mori IC, Munemasa S. 2015. Diverse stomatal signaling and the signal integration mechanism. Annual review of plant biology, 66(1): 369-392.

Murchie EH, & Burgess AJ. 2022. Casting light on the architecture of crop yield. Crop and environment, 1(1): 74-85.

Nisa U & Rahayu S. 2022. Pengaruh LOF-Si terhadap Jumlah Stomata pada Tanaman Kedelai. Journal of Agricultural Science, 5(2): 123-130.

Paredes C, Pérez-Murcia MD, Bustamante MA, Pérez-Espinosa A, Agulló E & Moreno-Caselles J. 2015. Valorization of Mediterranean livestock manures: composting of rabbit and goat manure and quality assessment of the compost obtained. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 46(1): 248-255.

Rahayu S, Kurniasih N & Amalia V. 2015. Ekstraksi dan Identifikasi Senyawa Flavonoid dari Limbah Kulit Bawang Merah sebagai Antioksidan Alami. Al-Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan, 2(1): 1-8.

Rahman MM, Hasanuzzaman M, Nahar K, Fujita M. 2021. Plant growth and development under adverse conditions: A physiological perspective. Academic Press.

Regazzoni O, Sugito Y, Suryanto A & Prawoto A. 2014. Physiological Character of Cocoa Clones that Cultivated under Three Species of Shade Trees. Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal), 30(3): 198-207.

Roelfsema MRG, Hedrich R, Geiger D. 2012. Anion channels: master switches of stress responses. Trends in plant science, 17(4): 221-229.

Rosniawaty S, Ariyanti M, Sudirja R, Mubarok S, Saragih EW. 2018.

Response of young coffee plants to the application of different types of organic material. Agrosintesa Journal of Agricultural Cultivation Science, 1(2): 71-77.

Safrina S, Nazirah L, Nasruddin N, Khusrizal K, Jamidi J, Hafifah H. 2023. Uji Berbagai Jenis Varietas dan Konsentrasi Biourin Kelinci untuk Mengetahui Sifat Morfofisiologis Jagung Ketan (Zea mays ceratina). Jurnal Agrium , 20(3): 241-249.

Same M. 2019. Pengaruh Sekam Bakar Dan Pupuk NPK Pada Pertumbuhan Bibit Lada. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan, 19(3): 217-224.

Setyanto NW, Riawati L, Lukodono RP. 2014. Desain Eksperimen Taguchi untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Pupuk Organik Berbahan Baku Kotoran Kelinci. Journal of Engineering and Management in Industrial System, 2(2): 32–36.

Shemer A, Axxell P, Andisheh B, Maria IN, Cawas B, Engineer, Bastiaan OR, Bargmann A B, Stephan, Julian S. 2015. Guard Cell Photosynthesis is Critical for Stomatal Turgor Production, Yet does not Directly Mediate CO2-and ABA-Induced Stomatal Closing. The Plant Journal, 83: 567–58.

Singh R, Parihar P, Singh S, Mishra RK, Singh VP, Prasad SM. 2017.

Reactive oxygen species signaling and stomatal movement: Current updates and future perspectives. Redox biology, 11: 213-218.

Sinha D & Tandon PK. 2020. An overview of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium: Key players of nutrition process in plants. Sustainable solutions for elemental deficiency and excess in crop plants, 85-117.

Song Y, Miao Y, Song CP. 2014. Behind the scenes: the roles of reactive oxygen species in guard cells. New Phytologist, 201(4): 1121-1140.

Sonnewald U & Fernie AR. 2018. Next‐generation strategies for understanding and influencing source‐sink relations in crop plants. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 43: 63–70.

Sustr M, Soukup A, Tylova E. 2019. Potassium in root growth and development. Plants, 8: 435.

Tang J & Riley WJ. 2021. Finding Liebig's Law of the Minimum. Ecological Applications, 31: e02458.

Tränker M, Tavakol A, Jákli B. 2018. Functioning of potassium and magnesium in photosynthesis, photosynthate translocation and photoprotection. Physiologia Plantarum, 163: 414–431.

Trisnaningsih U, Pujiana P, Saleh I. 2023. Response of Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) Due to Biochar Types. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 11(3): 375-380.

Vitousek PM, Aber JD, Howarth RW, Likens GE, Matson PA, Schindler DW, Tilman DG. 1997. Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: sources and consequences. Ecological applications, 7(3): 737-750.

Wang N, Fu F, Wang H, Wang P, He S, Shao H, Zhang X. 2021. Effects of irrigation and nitrogen on chlorophyll content, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Scientific Reports, 11(1): 16651.

Wang Y, Chen YF, Wu WH. 2021. Potassium and phosphorus transport and signaling in plants. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 63(1): 34-52.

Ye T, Li Y, Zhang J, Hou W, Zhou W, Lu J, Li X. 2019. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization affects the flowering time of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Global Ecology and Conservation, 20: e00753.

Zhou HH, Chen YN, Li WH, Chen YP. 2010. Photosynthesis of Populus euphratica in relation to groundwater depths and high temperature in arid environment, northwest China. Photosynthetica, 48: 257-268.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v24i2.63221