Comparative analysis of color, texture, and water content in three shallot cultivars at different harvest ages

Rahma Wati Lestari; Kusumiyati Kusumiyati; Syariful Mubarok

doi:10.24198/kultivasi.v24i3.66306

Comparative analysis of color, texture, and water content in three shallot cultivars at different harvest ages

Rahma Wati Lestari, Kusumiyati Kusumiyati, Syariful Mubarok

Abstract

Shallots are a major horticultural commodity with high economic value. The quality of shallots is determined not only by the quantity of the harvest but also by physical characteristics such as bulb color, texture, and water content. This study aims to evaluate the differences in these physical parameters in three popular local cultivars: Brebes, Sumenep, and Tuktuk, harvested at 56, 63, and 70 days after planting (DAP), respectively. This research uses a Randomized Block Design consisting of 9 treatment combinations and analyzed using the SmartstatXL application. Color measurements are conducted using the CIELAB method and converted to CIELCH and RGB for color type identification. The texture of the tuber is measured using the Texture Analyzer MCT-2150W, while the water content is analyzed using the oven method. The study's results demonstrate a negative correlation between bulb texture and water content. Sumenep cultivar showed the lowest water content (77.57%) and highest texture (17.97 N) compared to others. Additionally, each cultivar displays significant color variations that correspond to differences in harvest maturity. The Brebes cultivar tuber changes from dark coffee to dark taupe, the Sumenep cultivar from mocha to beaver, and the Tuktuk cultivar from rose taupe to dark coffee. This means that the color has changed from dull and gray to bright and full. These findings provide practical guidance for determining the optimal harvest timing to preserve shallot quality during postharvest handling.

Keywords

CIELAB; Cultivar; Harvest Age; Shallots; Texture; Water Content

Full Text:

PDF

References

Ansar M, Bahrudin, Maemunah, Paiman. 2022. Effect of harvest age and storage duration on viability and vigor of shallot (Allium cepa L.) tubers. Research on Crops, 23(4): 815–821. doi: 10.31830/2348-7542.2022.ROC-909

Askin B, Yazici SO. 2021. Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Potential and Color Properties of Dried Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research, 5(2): 158–171. doi: 10.29329/ijiaar.2021.358.1

Azetsu T, Suetake N. 2021. Chroma enhancement in cielab color space using a lookup table. Designs, 5(2). doi: 10.3390/designs5020032

Chope GA, Cools K, Hammond JP, Thompson AJ, Terry LA. 2012. Physiological, biochemical and transcriptional analysis of onion bulbs during storage. Annals of Botany, 109(4): 819–831. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcr318

Demissew A. 2018. Effect of Storage Temperature on Physicochemical Quality Attributes of Fresh Bombay Red Onion Bulb (Allium cepa L.). doi: 10.20944/preprints201803.0111.v1

Devgan K, Kaur P, Kumar N, Kaur A. (2019). Active modified atmosphere packaging of yellow bell pepper for retention of physico-chemical quality attributes. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 56(2): 878–888. doi: 10.1007/s13197-018-3548-5

Drofova I, Adamek M. 2024. Color Models in the Process of 3D Digitization of an Artwork for Presentation in a VR Environment of an Art Gallery †. Electronics (Switzerland), 13(22). doi: 10.3390/electronics13224431

Enaru B, Drețcanu G, Pop TD, Stǎnilǎ A, Diaconeasa Z. 2021. Anthocyanins: Factors affecting their stability and degradation. In Antioxidants (Vol. 10, Issue 12). MDPI. doi: 10.3390/antiox10121967

Ghazali NS, Mohd W, Ikwan R, Hussin W, Salleh RM, Basir MH, Rozita W, Engah W, Rosali N. 2023. Curing Technique Affects Physicochemical Changes of Shallot. International Journal of Agriculture, 13.

Guswita D, Makhmudi M, Kusmiyati. 2020. Keberdayaan Anggota Kelompok Tani dalam Menerapkan Good Handling Practices (GHP) Padi Sawah di Desa Sindanggalih Kecamatan Cimanggung Kabupaten Sumedang. Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian, 1: 303–316.

Kaveri G, Thirupathi V. 2015. Studies on Geometrical and Physical Properties of CO 4 Onion Bulb (Allium cepa L Var. Aggregatum Don.). International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 6(3): 2897–2902. Retrieved from http://www.recentscientific.com

Kurniawan YR, Hidayat DD, Luthfiyanti R, Andriansyah RCE, Indriati A. 2020. A comparative study on engineering properties of three varieties of shallots. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 462(1). doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/462/1/012025

Kusumiyati K, Farida F, Sutari W, Mubarok S. 2018. Kualitas Buah Mangga Selama Penyimpanan pada Keranjang Anyaman Bambu dengan Identifikasi Ruang Warna L*,a* dan b*. Kultivasi, 17.

Kusumiyati K, Manurung GP, Hamdani JS. 2024. Growth, yield, and secondary metabolite responses of three shallot cultivars at different watering intervals. Open Agriculture, 9(1). doi: 10.1515/opag-2022-0255

Lawal HM, Salau IA, Sufiyanu S. 2025. Comparative Study on Flavor, Texture, and Quality Preservation in Onion Bulbs (Allium cepa L.) under Two Storage Methods. Greener Journal of Biological Sciences, 15(1): 18–22. doi: 10.15580/gjbs.2025.1.121624195

Matumoto AdO, Gonçalves-Segundo PR. 2023. A Social-Semiotic Approach to Color Analysis in Digital Media: Theory and Practice. Revista de Estudos Da Linguagem, 31(4): 2009–2065. doi: 10.17851/2237-2083.31.4.2009-2065

Mohammadi V, Ansari K, Gouton P, Attig H. 2024. Developing a New Method of Transformation for Obtaining XYZ Color Values from RGB Images for Agricultural Applications. Sensors, 24(23). doi: 10.3390/s24237728

Mutia AK. 2019. Pengaruh Kadar Air Awal pada Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) terhadap Susut Bobot dan Tingkat Kekerasan Selama Penyimpanan pada Suhu Rendah. Gorontalo Agriculture Technology Journal, 2: 30–37.

Pathare PB, Opara UL, Al-Said FAJ. 2013. Colour Measurement and Analysis in Fresh and Processed Foods: A Review. In Food and Bioprocess Technology (Vol. 6, Issue 1, pp. 36–60). Springer Science and Business Media, LLC. doi: 10.1007/s11947-012-0867-9

Sandoval JRM, Sandoval EM, Rosas MEM, Velasco MMM. 2018. Color Analysis and Image Processing Applied in Agriculture. In Colorimetry and Image Processing. InTech. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.71539

Sharma K, Asnin L, Ko EY, Lee ET, Park SW. 2015. Phytochemical composition of onion during long-term storage. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B: Soil and Plant Science, 65(2): 150–160. doi: 10.1080/09064710.2014.983151

Sukorini H. 2024. Shallot extension shelf life with fogging and the storage temperature. BIO Web of Conferences, 143, 01010. doi: 10.1051/bioconf/202414301010

Vojnović Đ, Ilin Ž, Kostić A, Adamović B, Kilibarda S, Pezo L, Popović-Đorđević J. 2025. Phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and bulb mass of differently colored onions under distinct sowing methods. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops and Foods, 17(3): 108–126. doi: 10.15586/qas.v17i3.1549

Wijoyo RB, Sulistyaningsih E, Wibowo A. 2020. Growth, Yield and Resistance Responses of Three Cultivars on True Seed Shallots to Twisted Disease with Salicylic Acid Application. Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 35(1): 1–11. doi: 10.20961/carakatani.v35i1.30174

Yoo WS, Kang K, Kim JG, Yoo Y. 2023. Image-Based Quantification of Color and Its Machine Vision and Offline Applications. Technologies, 11(2). doi: 10.3390/technologies11020049

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v24i3.66306