Psychological Impact in Health Care Workers during the Outbreak of COVID-19: A Literature Review
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak is a worrying problem worldwide and health care workers have a big responsibility in responding to this condition. The increase in the number of COVID-19 patients which causes an increase in the workload of health care workers, scarcity of personal protective equipment, and stresses during work, can lead to psychological instability in health care workers.
The study aims to identify the psychological conditions experienced by health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The search for articles was carried out on the online digital database, Science Direct, and PubMed with the keywords 'COVID-19', 'psychological or psychology or mental health', 'nurse'. Then the articles are selected according to the inclusion criteria, namely the results of research in 2019-2020, full text, published in English, and articles discussing the psychological and mental conditions of health care workers who are assigned to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the end, 7 articles were analyzed in this literature review.
In carrying out their duties during the COVID-19 pandemic, health care workers are prone to experiencing psychological disorders such as anxiety and insomnia. High workload, lack of personal protective equipment, lack of knowledge about the prevention and transmission of COVID-19, and pressures during work, are the main triggers for psychological problems experienced by health care workers. Therefore, coping strategies that come from internal and external need to be obtained by health care workers to reduce the psychological disturbance they experience.
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Cukrowicz, K. C., Otamendi, A., Pinto, J. V., & Bernert, R. A. (2006). The Impact of Insomnia and Sleep Disturbances on Depression and Suicidality. Research Gate, 16(1), 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1053-0797.16.1.1
Kang, L., Ma, S., Chen, M., Yang, J., Wang, Y., Li, R., Yao, L., Bai, H., Cai, Z., Xiang Yang, B., Hu, S., Zhang, K., Wang, G., Ma, C., & Liu, Z. (2020). Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028
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Lu, W., Wang, H., Lin, Y., & Li, L. (2020). Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Research, 288, 112936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112936
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Cukrowicz, K. C., Otamendi, A., Pinto, J. V., & Bernert, R. A. (2006). The Impact of Insomnia and Sleep Disturbances on Depression and Suicidality. Research Gate, 16(1), 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1053-0797.16.1.1
Kang, L., Ma, S., Chen, M., Yang, J., Wang, Y., Li, R., Yao, L., Bai, H., Cai, Z., Xiang Yang, B., Hu, S., Zhang, K., Wang, G., Ma, C., & Liu, Z. (2020). Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028
Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Wu, J., Du, H., Chen, T., Li, R., Tan, H., Kang, L., Yao, L., Huang, M., Wang, H., Wang, G., Liu, Z., & Hu, S. (2020). Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3), e203976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
Lu, W., Wang, H., Lin, Y., & Li, L. (2020). Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Research, 288, 112936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112936
Saftarina, F., & Hasanah, L. (2014). Hubungan Shift Kerja dengan Gangguan Pola Tidur pada Perawat Instalasi Rawat Inap di RSUD Abdul Moeloek Bandar Lampung. Jurnal Medula, 2(2). http://juke.kedokteran.unila.ac.id/ind ex.php/medula/article/view/313
Segerstrom, S. C., & Miller, G. E. (2004). Psychological Stress and The Human Immune System: A Meta-Analytic Study of 30 Years of Inquiry. Psychol Bull, 130(4). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1361287/
Sitoayu, L., Rahayu, P., & Unggul, U. E. (2019). HUBUNGAN ASUPAN VITAMIN (B6, B12, ASAM FOLAT), OLAHRAGA, DAN KUALITAS TIDUR PADA MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS ESA UNGGUL. Media Gizi Mikro Indonesia, 11(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.22435/mgmi.v11i1.1442
Stuart, G. W. (2013). Psychiatric Nursing. EGC.
Sun, N., Wei, L., Shi, S., Jiao, D., Song, R., Ma, L., Wang, H., Wang, C., Wang, Z., You, Y., Liu, S., & Wang, H. (2020). A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients. American Journal of Infection Control, 48(6), 592–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.03.018
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h coronavirus disease 2019 from the perspective of the existence, relatedness, and growth theory. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 7(2), 157–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.04.002
Zhang, W., Wang, K., Yin, L., Zhao, W., Xue, Q., Peng, M., Min, B., Tian, Q., Leng, H., Du, J., Chang, H., Yang, Y., Li, W., Shangguan, F., Yan, T., Dong, H., Han, Y., Wang, Y., Cosci, F., & Wang, H. (2020). Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 89(4), 242–250. https://doi.org/10.1159/000507639
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/pacnj.v2i2.32042
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