Advokasi dan Negosiasi: Diplomasi Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Korea pada Masa Park Geun-hye Mengenai Comfort Women

Muhammad Pratama Putra Ibrahim, Teuku Rezasyah

Abstrak


Usaha diplomasi yang dilaksanakan pemerintahan Park Geun-hye untuk menangani persoalan comfort women merupakan penerapan dari putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Korea tahun 2011 mengenai comfort women. Artikel ini berupaya mendeskripsikan bagaimana diplomasi ini dijalankan melalui konsep diplomasi hak asasi manusia yang terdiri atas dua proses, yakni negosiasi dan advokasi. Pemerintah Republik Korea melalui usaha negosiasinya dengan Jepang mengadakan pertemuan tingkat direktur jenderal dan pembicaraan tingkat tinggi. Dalam hal ini, ditemukan bahwa keseluruhan empat elemen negosiasi klasik diplomasi hak asasi manusia menurut Archer berhasil dipenuhi. Dengan catatan bahwa elemen keempat tidak menghasilkan suatu luaran yang terbuka, melainkan suatu kesepakatan yang spesifik. Dalam usaha advokasinya, pemerintah Republik Korea menggunakan taktik naming and shaming dan fokus tematik dalam mengangkat empat tema besar Jepang sebagai pelaku pelanggaran hak asasi manusia terhadap comfort women: pertama, kejahatan kemanusiaan; kedua, perbudakan seksual militer; ketiga, Pernyataan Kono; keempat, reputasi internasional Jepang. Kedua proses ini dilaksanakan sejak dilantiknya Park Geun-hye pada Februari 2013 hingga akhir Desember 2015 dan dilakukan secara bersamaan.

Kata Kunci


comfort women; diplomasi; hak asasi manusia; Republik Korea

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/padjir.v3i2.32774

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