Multilateral Health Diplomacy of Indonesia through Indonesia’s Leadership in the G20 Forum during COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstrak
This research analyzes Indonesia’s implementation of multilateral health diplomacy (HD) during the COVID-19 crisis, with emphasis on its leadership in the 2022 G20 Presidency. Using a qualitative case study approach based on secondary data, this research examines “How did the Indonesian government implement multilateral HD at the G20 to strengthen global health architecture and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic?” The findings described that Indonesia adopted a multi-level diplomatic strategy involving government ministries, international organizations, regional institutions, and national pharmaceutical industries (Bio Farma). Through these collaborations, Indonesia successfully advocated equitable access to vaccines, strengthened global health governance, and advanced pandemic preparedness. Key initiatives—including the establishment of the Pandemic Fund, co-chairmanship of the COVAX AMC Engagement Group, and development of the One Health framework—demonstrate Indonesia’s growing role as an emerging power in GHD. This study contributes to the operationalization of GHD theory by describing health diplomacy strategies that bridge national interests and global solidarity in a multilateral context in facing current and future pandemics.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/padjir.v8i1.49353
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