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Email this article The effect of different fluoride varnishes on the release of calcium ions from hydroxyapatite discs: An ion-selective electrodes study
Abstract
Introduction: Recently, various types of fluoride varnishes have been developed, each with its own recommended concentration, potentially active ingredients, and flavoring agents, leading to additional preventive benefits. Differences in fluoride release patterns can potentially enhance or reduce the efficacy of fluoride varnishes. Numerous clinical trials have proven their ability to prevent and arrest dental caries. The aim of this study was to investigate the apatite demineralization process under the effect of different fluoride varnishes using ion-selective electrodes (ISE), in an attempt to comprehend their anti-caries mechanism. Methods: Four different fluoride varnishes (Fluor Protector S, Duraphat, ClinPro White, MI Varnish) were used to measure their effect on the demineralization process of hydroxyapatite (HAP) discs in 60ml pH 4.0 acetic solutions. The HAP discs were treated with these varnishes after 4-hours demineralization and then immersed back into the same solutions for further demineralization to observe the effect of the varnishes. Throughout the experiment, the calcium ISE was used to monitor calcium concentration. Results: Prior to the intervention, the loss of mineral mass from hydroxyapatite discs increased linearly over time. Following treatment, calcium release almost completely stopped, with ClinPro White exhibiting the most substantial inhibition within four hours (100%) while Duraphat, MI varnish, and Fluor Protector S showed 99.02%, 92.1%, 87.39%, respectively. Percentage changes indicated that ClinPro White was the most effective in minimizing calcium dissolution, whereas Fluor Protector S had the smallest impact. The calcium dissolution rates plotted against log fluoride content revealed significant variability among the varnishes, reinforcing ClinPro White’s superior protective capabilities. Conclusion: Treatment with fluoride varnishes treatment was shown to be effective in inhibiting the demineralization of apatite regardless of fluoride concentration and the additional active ingredients incorporated in some fluoride varnishes.
Keywords: Demineralization, dental caries, fluoride varnishes, ion-selective electrodes, remineralization
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol32no2.26444
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