Cocos nucifera L. (coir) fiber application as a filler and its effect on the volumetric shrinkage of flowable composite resin: an in vitro study

Twi Agnita Cevanti, Yolanda Agustina Tameno, Lizda Johar Mawarani, Yulie Emilda Akwan, Widyasri Prananingrum, Meekyoung Son

Abstract


ABSTRACT

Introduction: The use of composite resin as a restorative material has the disadvantage of experiencing volumetric shrinkage during polymerization, which can lead to restoration failure. Fiber-reinforced composites can reduce volumetric shrinkage in restorative materials. Coir fiber has the potential to replace synthetic fillers because its hollow fiber structure resembles foam, supporting a compact yet lightweight structure. This characteristic is expected to reduce the volumetric shrinkage of composite resin. This study aims to analyze the effect of coir fiber application as a filler on flowable composite resin on shrinkage, comparing it with flowable composite resin containing synthetic filler. Methods: The cellulose fiber used as a filler was synthesized from coir, while the matrix consisted of BisGMA and TEGDMA resins in a ratio 5:1. The composite was prepared with a coir fiber-to-matrix resin composition of 70:30, and polymerization was carried out by irradiation for 40 seconds. Volumetric shrinkage was tested 90 minutes after irradiation. The dimensions of the composite sample were measured from images captured using a digital microscope and analyzed with ImageJ software. The volume shrinkage was then calculated based on these dimensions. Shrinkage was further confirmed through SEM analysis of marginal adaptation tests. Results: The application of coir fiber as a filler showed the volumetric shrinkage of 0.0064% compared to the synthetic filler of 0.0401%. Statistical analyses using the Mann-Whitney test results indicated that the type of filler in flowable composite resin had a significant effect, with a p-value of 0.047 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Application of coconut fiber as filler in flowable composite resin significantly reduces volumetric shrinkage, making it three times smaller than that of flowable composite resin with a synthetic filler. This study supports environmentally friendly dental composites, enhancing the lifespan of restorations by assessing shrinkage cost-effectively.

KEYWORDS

Composite, cocos nucifera L., fiber filler, flowable, volumetric shrinkage


Keywords


Composite, cocos nucifera L., fiber filler, flowable, volumetric shrinkage

Full Text:

PDF

References


REFERENCES

Turkistani A, Nasir A, Merdad Y, Jamleh A, Alshouibi E, Sadr A, et al. Evaluation of microleakage in class-II bulk-fill composite restorations. J Dent Sci. 2020;15(4):486-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2020.04.007

Kula A, Güçyetmez Topal B, Ünal M, Akgül EN. Effect of different curing times on colored flowable composites microhardness. Int Dent J. 2024;74(1):S155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2024.07.1049

Abouelleil H, Pradelle N, Villat C, Attik N, Colon P, Grosgogeat B. Comparison of mechanical properties of a new fiber reinforced composite and bulk filling composites. Restor Dent Endod. 2015;40(4): 262-70. https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2015.40.4.262

Turkistani A, Nasir A, Merdad Y, Jamleh A, Alshouibi E, Sadr A, et al. Evaluation of microleakage in class-II bulk-fill composite restorations. J Dent Sci. 2020;15(4):486-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2020.04.007

Kula A, Güçyetmez Topal B, Ünal M, Akgül EN. Effect of different curing times on colored flowable composites microhardness. Int Dent J. 2024;74(1):S155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2024.07.1049

Abouelleil H., Pradelle N., Villat C., Attik N., Colon P, Grosgogeat B. Comparison of mechanical properties of a new fiber reinforced composite and bulk filling composites. Restor Dent Endod. 2015;40(4): 262-70. https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2015.40.4.262

Soares CJ, Rodrigues MD, Vilela AB, Pfeifer CS, Tantbirojn D, Versluis A. Polymerization shrinkage stress of composite

resins and resin cements –What do we need to know? Braz Oral Res. 2017;31:e62. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2017.vol31.0062

Abdelwahed A.G., Essam S., Abdelaziz M.M. Marginal adaptation and depth of cure of flowable versus packable bulk-fill restorative materials: An in vitro study. Maced J Med Sci. 2022 Feb 14; 10(D):47 -56. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8353

Abbasi M, Moradi Z, Mirzaei M, Kharazifard MJ, Rezaei S. Polymerization Shrinkage of Five Bulk-Fill Composite Resins in Comparison with a Conventional Composite Resin. J Dent (Tehran). 2018 Nov;15(6):365-374. PMID: 30842797; PMCID: PMC6399456.

Lins R, Vinagre A, Alberto N, Domingues MF, Messias A, Martins LR, Nogueira R, Ramos JC. Polymerization shrinkage evaluation of restorative resin-based composites using fiber Bragg grating sensors. Polym. 2019;11(5):859. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11050859

Silva JD, Freitas LA, Firmiano TC, Tantbirojn D, Versluis A, Veríssimo C. Using a professional DSLR camera to measure total shrinkage of resin composites. Braz Oral Res. 2022;14;36:e009. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor- 2022.vol36.0009

Rizzante FA, Duque JA, Duarte MA, Mondelli RF, Mendonça G, Ishikiriama SK. Polymerization shrinkage, microhardness and depth of cure of bulk fill resin composites. Dent. Mater. J. 2019;38(3):403-410. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2018- 063.

Widjaja B, Chriswandi C. New relationship between linear shrinkage and shrinkage limit for expansive soils. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2020;1007(1):p.012187. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757- 899X/1007/1/012187

Vásquez VG, Guardia MG. Antibacterial effect of coconut oil (Cocus nucifera) on Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175: an in vitro study. Int J Odontostomat. 2021;15(4):922-7. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-381X2021000400922

Cevanti TA, Sari NSP, Isnaini SI, Rois MF, Setyawan H, Soetojo A, Widjiastuti I. Cellulose fiber from coconut coir for development of dental composite filler. JIDMR. 2021;(14);4;1401-1406.

Dixit S, Goel R, Dubey, Shivhare P, Bhalavi T. Natural fibre reinforced polymer composite material- A Review. Polym. from renewable resources. 2017; 8(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/204124791700800203

Cevanti TA, Rois MF, Sari NS, Isnaini SI, Sasono SR, Firdaus GM, Setyawan H, Soetojo A, Widjiastuti I. Synthesis of cellulose fiber from coconut coir as potential application of dental flowable composite filler. J Int Dent Med Res. 2022;15(2):618-22.

Guambo MPR, Spencer L, Vispo NS, Vizuete K, Debut A, Whitehead DC, et al. Natural cellulose fibers for surgical suture applications. Polymers (Basel). 2020;12(12):3042. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12123042

Tantbirojn D, Pfeifer CS, Amini AN, Versluis A. Simple optical method for measuring free shrinkage. Dent Mater J. 2015;31(11):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2015.08.150.

Alshabib A, Jurado CA, Tsujimoto A. Short fiber-reinforced resin-based composites (SFRCs); current status and future perspectives. Dent Mater J. 2022;41(5):647-54. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2022-080

Bijelic-Donova J, Garoushi S, Lassila LVJ, Keulemans F, Vallittu PK. Mechanical and structural characterization of discontinuous fiber-reinforced dental resin composite. J Dent. 2016;52:70-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2016.07.009.

Borges ALS, Dal Piva AMDO, Moecke SE, de Morais RC, Tribst JPM. Polymerization shrinkage, hygroscopic expansion, elastic modulus and degree of conversion of different composites for dental application. J of Composite Science. 2021; 5(12):1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs5120322

Lassila L, Keulemans F, Säilynoja E, Vallittu PK, Garoushi S. Mechanical properties and fracture behavior of flowable fiber reinforced composite restorations. Dent Mater. 2018;34(4):598-606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2018.01.002

Boruziniat A, Gharaee S, Sarraf Shirazi A, Majidinia S, Vatanpour M. Evaluation of the efficacy of flowable composite as lining material on microleakage of composite resin restorations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Quintessence Int. 2016;47(2):93-101. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.qi.a35260

Schwendicke F, Kern M, Dorfer C. Influence of using different bonding systems and composite on the margin integrity and the mechanical properties of selectively excavated teeth in vitro. J of Dentistry. 2015;1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2014.12.014

Lassila L, Keulemans F, Vallittu PK, Garoushi S. Characterization of restorative short-fber reinforced dental

composites,Dental Materials J.2020; 1-8 https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2019-088

Tsujimoto A, Barkmeier WW, Takamizawa T, Latta A, Miyazaki M. Mechanical properties, volumetric shrinkage and depth of cure of short fiber reinforced resin composite. Dent Mater J. 2015;35(3): 418–24. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2015-280

Garoushi S, Gargoum A, Vallittu PK, Lassila L. Short fiber-reinforced composite restorations: A review of the current literature . J Invest Clin Dent. 2018;e12330. https://doi.org/10.1111/jicd.12330

Al-Zahawi AR, Rahman MSA, Ahmed SM. Effect of two composites on gingival microleakage of class II restoration using

four different placement techniques (an in vitro study). IJRAMR.2015;2(9):0727-31.

Garoushi S, Vallittu PK, Lassila L. Mechanical properties and wear of five commercial fiber-reinforced filling materials. Chin J Dent Res. 2017; 20:137–143. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.cjdr.a38768

Somani R, Som NK, Jaidka S, Hussain S. Comparative evaluation of microleakage in various placement techniques of composite restoration: An in vitro study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2020;13(3):264-8. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1764

Jakab A, Bognár E, Horváth F, Braunitzer G, Szalóki M, Csik A, et al. Mechanical performance of extensive restorations. Polym. 2024;16(5):590. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16050590

Rodrigues RF, Senna SS, Soares AF, Mondelli RFL, Francisconi PAS, Borges AFS. Marginal adaptation in proximal cavities restored with composites and other materials. Braz Dent Sci. 2017;20(4). https://doi.org/10.14295/bds.2017.v20i4.1441




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol37no1.58864

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


 

Creative Commons License All publications by the Universitas Padjadjaran [e-ISSN: 2549-6212, p-ISSN: 1979-0201] are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .

Visitor Stat