Antifungal activities of auto-polymerized silicone soft denture liner material containing Origanum vulgare gel against Candida albicans over 14-day period: an in vitro study

Ariyani Ariyani; Ismet Danial Nasution; Dwi Suryanto; Saharman Gea; Syarifah Nur Syed Abdul Rahman; Khalijah Binti Awang

doi:10.24198/pjd.vol37no1.59200

Antifungal activities of auto-polymerized silicone soft denture liner material containing Origanum vulgare gel against Candida albicans over 14-day period: an in vitro study

Ariyani Ariyani, Ismet Danial Nasution, Dwi Suryanto, Saharman Gea, Syarifah Nur Syed Abdul Rahman, Khalijah Binti Awang

Abstract

Introduction: The greatest disadvantage of silicone soft denture liner (SDL) materials is the difficulty in keeping them clean due to their incompatibility with conventional denture cleaning solutions. As a result, chemical methods are often recommended as effective alternatives to mechanical cleaning. Natural products have emerged as promising substitutes for synthetic chemical agents. Origanum vulgare, in particular, has shown significant antifungal activity against Candida albicans. This study aims to analyze the effect of incorporating Origanum vulgare gel on auto-polymerized SDL materials, focusing on its impacts on the inhibition zone of Candida albicans over varying usage durations and concentrations. Methods: The antifungal activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method. The samples were divided into three groups: (1) SDL without antifungal agent addition, (2) SDL with nystatin addition, and (3) SDL with Origanum vulgare gel addition. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s T3 for usage duration of 7 and 14 days. Results: The addition of Origanum vulgare gel showed significant antifungal activity, with MIC (3.12%) and MFC (6.25%). One way ANOVA analyses the inhibition zone of Candida albicans was significantly affected by the usage duration (7 and 14 days), with p<0.001 respectively. Post-hoc analyses using Dunnett's T3 test for the groups at 7 days and 14 days revealed significant difference in the antifungal effect between each group with MIC and MFC. Conclusion: Nystatin was found to be less effective than Origanum vulgare gel in inhibiting the growth of C. albicans. The addition of Origanum vulgare Gel at a concentration of 6.25% to auto-polymerized silicone SDL is recommended, as it effectively inhibits the growth of Candida albicans for up to 14 days.

Keywords

Soft denture liner, essential oil Origanum vulgare gel, inhibition zone, Candida albicans

Full Text:

PDF

References

Driscoll CF, Freilich MA, Guckes AD, Knoernschild KL, Mcgarry TJ, Goldstein G, et al. The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms: Ninth Edition. J Prosthet Dent. 2017 May 1;117(5):1–105.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.12.001

Laporan Nasional RISKESDAS 2018. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2018 : 212

Hasegawa Y, Minakuchi H, Nishimura M, Nishio K, Yoshioka F, Ishii T, et al. Effect of soft denture liners on complete denture treatments: A systematic review. J Prosthodont Res. 2024; 1-18. https://doi.org/10.2186/jpr.JPR_D_23_00067

Elawady AF, Mohamed SE, R NM. A study to compare adhered oral flora to soft liner and conventional denture base surface in complete denture patients. Den. 2019;65(4):3786. https://doi.org/10.21608/edj.2019.76025

Mutahar M, Al Ahmari NM, Gadah TS, Kariri MAM, Madkhli HY, Somaili DM, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Hardness and Energy Absorption of Some Commercially Available Chairside Silicone-Based Soft Denture Liners and a Heat-Cured Soft Denture Liner. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2023;15:205–13. https://doi.org/10. 2147/CCIDE. S433519

Gad MM, Bahgat HA, Edrees MF, Alhumaidan A, Khan SQ, Ayad NM. Antifungal activities and some surface characteristics of denture soft liners containing silicon dioxide nanoparticles. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2022 Jan 1;12(1):109–16 https://doi.org/10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_286_21.

Hernawati S. Prevalensi Denture Stomatitis pada Pemakai Gigi Tiruan Buatan Dokter Gigi dibanding Gigi Tiruan Buatan Tukang Gigi. 1st ed. Ponorogo: Forum Ilmiah Kesehatan (Forikes); 2020.

Abdallah RM, Aref NS. Curcumin containing soft liner as an alternative treatment modality for oral candidiasis. World J of Dentistry. 2021 Nov 1;12(6):435–40. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1867

Campos Sugio CY, Robles Mengoa MG, Clara A, et al. Use of Natural Products in the Prevention and Treatment of Denture Stomatitis. J Biomed Sci. 2020 Feb 26;1(5). https://doi.org/10.38125/OAJBS.000146

Memar MY, Raei P, Alizadeh N, Aghdam MA, Kafil HS. Carvacrol and thymol: Strong antimicrobial agents against resistant isolates. Vol. 28, Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2017. p. 63–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000100

Ariyani, Chairunnisa R, Margan S, Annastasya S, Sianturi NH. Effect of Oregano on Silicone Soft Denture Liner . Dentika Dental Journal. 2024 ; 27 (02) : 082-088. http://doi.org/10.32734/dentika.v27i2.16211

Srivatstava A, Ginjupalli K, Perampalli NU, Bhat N, Ballal M. Evaluation of the properties of a tissue conditioner containing origanum oil as an antifungal additive.J Prosthet Dent 2013;110: 313–9.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(13)60381-9

Bhat V, Sharma SM, Shetty V, Shastry CS, Rao C, Shenoy S, et al. Characterization of Herbal Antifungal Agent, Origanum vulgare Against Oral Candida spp. Isolated from Patients with Candida-Associated Denture Stomatitis: An In Vitro Study. Contemp Clin Dent. 2018 Jun 1;9(5):S3–10. https://doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_537_17

Godil AZ, Bhagat D, Das P, Kazi AI, Dugal R, Satpute S. Incorporation of Fluconazole and Ocimum Sanctum Oil in Soft Denture Liners to Treat Biofilms of Candida albicans Associated with Denture Stomatitis. Dent 3000. 2021;9(1). https://doi.org/10.5195/d3000.2021.150

Tarigan MCB, Lelyana S, Kurniawati Sugiaman V, et al. Kadar Hambat Minimum dan Kadar Bunuh Minimum Ekstrak Etanol Daun Oregano terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans. J Ilmiah dan Teknologi Kedokteran Gigi FKG UPDM (B). 2021;17(2):55–62. https://doi.org/10.32509/jitekgi.v17i2.1595

Badekova KZ, Atazhanova GA, Kacergius T, Akhmetova SB, Smagulov MK. Formulation of an Origanum vulgare based dental gel with antimicrobial activity. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2021 Oct 1;16(5):712–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.05.009

Volety S, Shetty PP, Kumar K, Shetty G. Antifungal Eﬀects of Herbal Extracts and Fluconazole on Heat-polymerized Acrylic Denture Base Resin as Denture Cleanser: An In Vitro Study. J of Contemporary Dental Practice. 2021 Feb 1;22(2):162–5. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3042

Sánchez-Aliaga A, Pellissari CVG, Arrais CAG, Michél MD, Neppelenbroek KH, Urban VM. Peel bond strength of soft lining materials with antifungal to a denture base acrylic resin. Dent Mater J. 2016 Mar 31;35(2):194–203. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2014-269

Badekova KZ, Atazhanova GA, Kacergius T, Akhmetova SB, Smagulov MK. Composition and Screening of Origanum vulgare Essential Oil for Antimicrobal Activity. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2021 Oct 1;16(5):712–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.05.009

Leyva-López N, Gutiérrez-Grijalva EP, Vazquez-Olivo G, Heredia JB. Essential oils of oregano: Biological activity beyond their antimicrobial properties. Vol. 22, Molecules. MDPI AG; 2017. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22060989

Baj T, Biernasiuk A, Wróbel R, Malm A. Chemical composition and in vitro activity of Origanum vulgare L., Satureja hortensis L., Thymus serpyllum L. And Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils towards oral isolates of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Open Chem. 2020 Jan 1;18(1):108–18. https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2020-0011

Vahedi G, Khosravi AR, Shokri H, Moosavi Z. Fungicidal effect of Origanum vulgare essential oil against Candida glabrata and its cytotoxicity against macrophages. J of HerbMed Pharmacology J homepage: J HerbMed Pharmacol. 2016;5(2):78–84. Available from: http://www.herbmedpharmacol.com

Rawat P, Agarwal S, Tripathi S. Effect of Addition of Antifungal Agents on Physical and Biological Properties of a Tissue Conditioner: An In-Vitro Study. Adv Pharm Bull. 2017;7(3):485–90. https://doi.org/10.15171/apb.2017.059

Mohammed GA. Studying The Anti Candidal-Activity of Different Herbal Oils Incorporated into Tissue Conditioner: (A Comparative study). Jordan J of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2023 Dec 25;16(4):871–9. https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v16i4.2086

Jaiswal R, Kanathila H, Uppin RC. Comparative evaluation of antifungal efficacy and potency of soft liners incorporated with powder extracts of Lawsonia inermis and Withania somnifera on the growth of Candida albicans-An in vitro study. Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU). 2023;16(1):54–9. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/kleu

Divyangna Sonker, Arvind kumar Srivastava, Suman Jaiswal, Alok Mukerjee. Antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles loaded oregano oil nano-emulsion for topical treatment of mucocutaneous candidiasis. World J of Advanced Research and Reviews. 2023 Sep 30;19(3):729–36. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.3.1281

Komang A, Ornay D, Prehananto H, Sekar A, Dewi S. Daya Hambat Pertumbuhan Candida Albicans dan Daya Bunuh Candida albicans Ekstrak Daun Kemangi (Ocimum Sanctum l.). J Wiyata. 2017;4(1):78–83.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol37no1.59200