Correlation between oral health and the quality of life of children with disabilities using healthy-dis: an observational study

Berlian Prihatiningrum, Roedy Budirahardjo, Niken Probosari, Sulistiyani Sulistiyani, Dyah Setyorini

Abstract


Introduction: Children with disabilities require special attention due to various limitations, such as difficulty in maintaining oral hygiene, communication barriers, and behavioral challenges. This study aimed to investigate the impact of oral health on the quality of life of children with disabilities in Jember, using the Healthy-Dis software. Methods: This analytical observational study employed a cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of 180 students enrolled at SLB C TPA Jember and SLB N 1 Patrang Jember. Caries severity was assessed using the DMF-t/def-t index, oral hygiene using the OHI-S index, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) using the COHIP-SF 19 questionnaire. Dental care needs were evaluated using the Required Treatment Index (RTI). The COHIP-SF 19 and RTI instruments were modified and integrated into the Android-based Healthy-Dis application. Results: A significant correlation was found between gender, caries severity, oral hygiene status, and the quality of life of children with disabilities (p < 0.05). A strong positive correlation was observed between oral hygiene status and quality of life (r = 0.446), while caries severity and gender showed negative correlations. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene to improve the overall well-being of children with disabilities. Conclusion: Oral health status—including caries severity and oral hygiene level—is significantly associated with the quality of life of children with disabilities. Efforts to promote better oral hygiene may enhance their daily functioning and overall well-being.


Keywords


DMF-t index, def-t index, ohis index, oral health-related to quality of life, cohip-sf 19

Full Text:

PDF

References


Anggraini LD, Ningrum V, Batsukh N. Oral hygiene status of student with special needs at special educational needs and disabilities school: a cross-sectional study. Padj J Dent, July. 2025; 37(2): 205-211. https://doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol37no2.64587

Sami W, Ahmad MS, Shaik RA, Miraj M, Ahmad S, Molla MH. Oral Health Statuses of Children and Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Umbrella Review. J Clin Med. 2024;13(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13010059

Alwattban RR, Alkhudhayr LS, Al-Haj Ali SN, Farah RI. Oral Health-Related Quality-of-Life According to Dental Caries Severity, Body Mass Index, and Sociodemographic Indicators in Children with Special Health Care Needs. J Clin Med 2021, 10, 4811. 2021;10(4811):1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10214811

Jawed R, Khan Z, Younus M, Abid K, Saleem M, Kibria Z. Association of dental caries and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) in disabled children. Pak Armed Forces Med J. 2021; 71 (4): 1198-1203

BPS - Statistics Indonesia. Census of Disability Data in Indonesia 2023. 2022. p. 1–2.

BPS - East Java Province Statistics. Dynamic Table of Disability Data 2018. 2018. p. 1–2.

Patidar D, Sogi S, Patidar DC. Oral Health Status of Children with Special Healthcare Need: A Retrospective Analysis. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2022;15(4):433–7. https:/doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2419

Hutagalung ER, Soegyanto AI, Ahmad MS, Mandasari M. Analysis of Oral Health Literacy in Caregivers of Special Needs Individuals in Special Schools and Social Institutions in Jakarta. Dent. J. 2023; 11: 221-231. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11090221

Young Lee J, Lim KC, Kim SY, Paik HR, Kim YJ, Jin BH. Oral health status of the disabled compared with that of the non-disabled in Korea: A propensity score matching analysis. PLoS One. 2019;14(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208246

Kastenbom L, Falsen A, Larsson P, Sunnegårdh-Grönberg K, Davidson T. Costs and health-related quality of life about caries. BMC Oral Health. 2019;19(187):1–8. https:/doi.org/10.1186/s12903-019-0874-6

Nuraini SL, Rahardjo A, Maharani DA. An Indonesian Version of Child Oral Health Impact Profile-Short Form 19 (COHIP-SF19): Assessing Validity and Reliability. J Dent Indones. 2021;28(1):45–53. https://doi.org/10.14693/jdi.v28i1.1247

Oktadewi FD, Soeprihati IT, Hanindriyo L. The correlation between dental caries and oral health related quality of life among visually impaired children. Odonto Dent J. 2020 Dec;7(2):83–9. https:/doi.org/10.30659/odj.7.2.82-89

Tefera AT, Girma B, Adane A, Muche A, Ayele TA, Getahun KA, et al. Dental health problems and treatment-seeking behavior among special need school students in Amhara region, Ethiopia. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):1–9. https:/doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01856-x

Yani RWE, Pratiwi YS, Prayitno H, Anshari M, Nugroho HSW. The Correlation between Caries and Quality of Life of Mentally Disabled Learners. J Kes Mas. 2021;16(3):411–6. https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v16i3.23973

Fahmi MK, Basha S, Mohamed RN, Redwan A, Morad MHS, Al-Thobaiti YE. Multifactorial Analysis of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Special Health Care Needs: A Case-Control Study. Healthcare. 2025;13(919) : 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13080919

Yazdanian M, Armoon B, Noroozi A, Moammadi R, Bayat A, Ahounbar E, et al. Dental caries and periodontal disease among people who use drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20(44):1–15. https:/doi.org/10.1186/s12903-020-1010-3

Zhou N, Wong HM, Wen YF, McGrath C. Efficacy of caries and gingivitis prevention strategies among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2019;63(6):507–18. https:/doi.org/10.1111/jir.12576

Elrefadi R, Beaayou H, Herwis K, Musrati A. Oral health status in individuals with Down syndrome. Libyan J Med [Internet]. 2022;17(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/19932820.2022.2116794

Ramdiani D, Yulita I, Sasongko BG, Purnama T. Required Treatment Index (Rti) Pada Pasien Dewasa Di Klinik Dokter Gigi Tjang Riyanto Cahyadi Kota Bogor. JDHT J Dent Hyg Ther. 2020;1(2):55–60. https:/doi.org/10.36082/jdht.v1i2.128

Cui S, Akhter R, Yao D, Peng XY, Feghali MA, Chen W, et al. Risk Factors for Dental Caries Experience in Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy—A Scoping Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(13). https:/doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138024

Akhter R, Hassan NMM, Martin EF, Mubit M, Smithers-sheedy H, Badawi N, Khandaker G. Caries experience and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy in a low-resource setting. BMC Oral Health. 2019; 19: 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-018-0704-2

Ningrum V, Bakar A, Shieh TM, Shih Y-H. The oral health inequities between special needs children and normal children in asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Healthcare. 2021;9(4):410. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9040410

Athira R, Mathew M. Effectiveness of audio visual modelling on oral hygiene practices and oral health among children with intellectual disability. IJRPN. 2024;6(1):98-101. https://doi.org/10.33545/26641291.2024.v6.i1b.158

Corrêa-Faria P, Silva KC, Costa LR. Impact of dental caries on oral health-related quality of life in children with dental behavior management problems. Braz. Oral Res. 2022;36:e041. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0041

Minamidate, T., Haruyama, N. & Takahashi, I. The development, validation, and psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile-Short Form 19 (COHIP-SF 19) for school-age children. HQLO 18, 224 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-020-01469-y

Laborne F., Machado V., Botelho J., Bandeira LL. The Child Oral Health Impact Profile—Short Form 19 Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validity for the Portuguese Pediatric Population. J Clin Med. 2024;13(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164725

Tefera AT., Girma B, Adane A, Muche A, Ayele TA, Getahun KA, et al. Oral health-related quality of life and oral hygiene status among special need school students in amhara region, Ethiopia. HQLO. 2023;21(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-023-02110-4

AlJameel AH., Alkawari H. Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of Children with Down Syndrome and Their Families: A Cross-Sectional Study. Children. 2021; 8(954):1–5. https:/doi.org/10.3390/children8110954

Balkaran, R., Lahti, S., Ramroop, V., Virtanen, J.I. Oral health-related quality of life in children attending university special needs and paediatric dental clinics in Trinidad and Tobago: A parental perspective. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 2025; 84 : 103-111. https:/doi.org/10.2340/aos.v84.43009

Lestari AF, Sitaresmi MN, Ridhayani F. Factors affecting the health-related quality of life of children with cerebral palsy in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study. Child Health Nurs Res,2024; .30 (1):7-16. https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2023.027




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol37no3.61078

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


 

Creative Commons License All publications by the Universitas Padjadjaran [e-ISSN: 2549-6212, p-ISSN: 1979-0201] are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .

Visitor Stat