Distribusi fraktur mahkota gigi anterior rahang atas pada anak dengan cerebral palsy  Distribution of maxillary crown fracture in anterior teeth in children with cerebral palsy

Faizah Salsabila; Naninda Berliana Pratidina; Arlette Suzy Puspa Pertiwi Setiawan

doi:10.24198/pjdrs.v4i2.27111

Distribusi fraktur mahkota gigi anterior rahang atas pada anak dengan cerebral palsy
Distribution of maxillary crown fracture in anterior teeth in children with cerebral palsy

Faizah Salsabila, Naninda Berliana Pratidina, Arlette Suzy Puspa Pertiwi Setiawan

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Fraktur mahkota gigi merupakan fraktur yang hanya mengenai bagian keras gigi. Fraktur mahkota gigi anterior rahang atas banyak terjadi pada anak dengan cerebral palsy. Gigi anterior rahang atas berpengaruh terhadap estetik dan fungsi pengunyahan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui distribusi fraktur mahkota gigi anterior anak dengan cerebral palsy di Sekolah Luar Biasa Kota Bandung sehingga dapat diupayakan penanggulangannya sejak dini. Metode: Jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel total sampling. Jumlah subjek sebanyak 35 anak dengan cerebral palsy di Sekolah Luar Biasa Kota Bandung. Data diperoleh dengan pemeriksaan klinis. Klasifikasi fraktur yang digunakan adalah klasifikasi menurut World Health Organization. Hasil: Sebanyak 23 anak (65,72%) mengalami fraktur mahkota gigi anterior rahang atas terdiri dari 13 anak laki-laki (56,53%) dan 10 anak perempuan (43,47%). Jenis fraktur yang banyak terjadi adalah retak email sebanyak 26 (52,00%) dan fraktur email sebanyak 24 (48,00%). Fraktur mahkota gigi anterior rahang atas banyak terjadi pada anak dengan cerebral palsy dikarenakan keterbatasan dalam perkembangan motoriknya. Anak laki-laki lebih sering terkena fraktur mahkota gigi anterior dibandingkan perempuan. Fraktur yang sering terjadi adalah retak dan fraktur email. Simpulan: Anak dengan cerebral palsy berjenis kelamin laki-laki lebih banyak terkena fraktur mahkota dibandingkan anak perempuan dengan jenis fraktur yang banyak ditemukan adalah retak email dan fraktur email.

Kata kunci: Fraktur mahkota gigi anterior rahang atas, cerebral palsy, trauma gigi.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Crown fracture is fracture affecting only the hard tooth structure. Crown fracture of maxillary anterior teeth is common in children with cerebral palsy. Maxillary anterior teeth may affect the aesthetic and masticating function. The purpose of this research was to analyse the data of maxillary crown fracture in anterior teeth in children with cerebral palsy at Bandung Special School (SLB) for early prevention. Methods: The research was descriptive, with a total sampling technique. The subjects were 35 children with cerebral palsy children at Bandung Special School. The data was obtained by clinical examination. WHO (World Health Organization) classification about crown fracture was used to evaluate the fracture types. Results: Twenty three children (65.72%) had an anterior maxillary crown fracture, which consisted of 13 boys (56.53%) and 10 girls (43.47%). The most common type of fracture was enamel infraction, which was found in as many as 26 fractures (52.00%) and enamel fractures in as many as 24 fractures (48.00%). Anterior maxillary crown fractures occurred mostly in cerebral palsy children due to their limitations in motoric development. Boys were more often affected by anterior crown fractures than girls. Enamel infraction and enamel fractures were fractures that often occurred in the maxillary central incisors. Conclusion: Most of the boys with cerebral palsy have maxillary crown fractures in the central incisors with enamel infraction and enamel fractures to be the most common fracture type.

Keywords: Anterior maxillary crown fractures, cerebral palsy, dental trauma.

Keywords

Fraktur mahkota gigi anterior rahang atas; cerebral palsy; trauma gigi; anterior maxillary crown fractures; dental trauma

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/pjdrs.v4i2.27111