Perbedaan pelepasan ion nikel kawat ortodonti stainless steel yang direndam dalam obat kumur ekstrak buah mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.Differences of the nickel ions release of orthodontic stainless steel wire immersed in various concentrations of noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) extract mouthwash

Abstract

ABSTRAK 

Pendahuluan: Pasien dengan perawatan ortodonti rentan mengalami gingivitis dan karies, sehingga dokter gigi tidak jarang meresepkan obat kumur. Namun, obat kumur komersial dapat menyebabkan pelepasan ion nikel (Ni⁺) pada kawat orthodonti berbahan Stainless steel (SS). Pelepasan ion  nikel (Ni⁺) dapat berpengaruh pada tubuh manusia dan sifat mekanis logam. Buah mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) diketahui memiliki kandungan tanin yang dapat berperan sebagai coating agent, sehingga dapat mengurangi korosi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbedaan pelepasan ion Ni⁺ kawat SS yang direndam dalam obat kumur ekstrak buah mengkudu. Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimental laboratories. 30 kawat direndam dalam lima kelompok. Setiap kelompok berjumlah enam sampel (rumus Federer). Kelompok kontrol yaitu:  kelompok A (kontrol negatif, saliva buatan, pH 6,8) dan kelompok B (kontrol positif, klorheksidin 0,2%). Kelompok perlakuan yaitu: kelompok C (obat kumur mengkudu 2,5%), kelompok D (obat kumur mengkudu 5%) dan kelompok E (obat kumur mengkudu 7,5%). Ekstrak diperoleh secara maserasi dan uji fitokimia dilakukan untuk melihat kandungan tanin. Kawat kemudian direndam dan dimasukan dalam inkubator selama 35 hari. Pelepasan ion dianalisis dengan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) Hasil: Rerata pelepasan ion setiap harinya selama 35 hari untuk kelompok A sampai E secara berurut adalah 2,185 μg/ hari, 1,185 μg/ hari, 1,202 μg/ hari, 1,322 μg/ hari, dan 1,428 μg/ hari dan masih sesuai dengan rekomendasi WHO yaitu 25-35 μg/ hari. Uji statistik Least Significant Difference (LSD) menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok (p< 0,05), tetapi tidak adanya perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok saliva dengan mengkudu 2,5% p=0,388. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan pelepasan ion Ni⁺ kawat SS ortodonti yang direndam dalam obat kumur ekstrak buah mengkudu  (Morinda Citrifolia L.) dengan konsentrasi berbeda. Obat kumur mengkudu 2,5% merupakan konsentrasi yang paling mendekati kelompok kontrol negatif (saliva buatan). 

Kata kunci: stainless steel; kawat ortodonti; pelepasan ion nikel; buah mengkudu; Morinda citrifolia L.

ABSTRACT 

Introduction: Orthodontic appliance users are prone to gingivitis and caries; thus, dentists often prescribe mouthwash. However, commercial mouthwash can cause the release of nickel ions (Ni+) in stainless steel (SS) orthodontic wires. The release of nickel ions (Ni+) can affect the human body and the mechanical properties of metals. Noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) contains tannins that can act as a coating agent, reducing corrosion. This study was aimed to analyse the differences in the nickel ions release of orthodontic SS wire immersed in various concentrations of noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) extract mouthwash. Methods: The research was experimental laboratories. Thirty wires were immersed in five groups. Each group consisted of six samples (Federer’s formula). The control groups were: Group A (negative control, artificial saliva, pH 6.8) and Group B (positive control, 0.2% chlorhexidine). The treatment groups were: Group C (2.5% noni mouthwash), group D (5% noni mouthwash) and group E (7.5% noni mouthwash). The extract was obtained with maceration, and the phytochemical test was carried out to observe the tannin content. The wire was then immersed and kept in an incubator for 35 days. Ion release was analysed by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results: The average daily ion release for 35 days in groups A to E were 2.185 g/day, 1.185 g/day, 1.202 g/day, 1.322 g/day, and 1.428 g/day respectively, which was still following the WHO recommendations, 25-35 g/day. The Least Significant Difference (LSD) statistical test showed a significant difference between groups (p<0.05), however, there was no significant difference between the salivary group of 2.5% noni mouthwash (p=0.388). Conclusions: There are differences in the nickel ion release of orthodontic stainless steel wire immersed in noni fruit mouthwash extract with different concentrations. 2.5% noni mouthwash is the concentration with the closest result with the negative control group (artificial saliva). The higher the concentration, the higher the nickel ion release value. 

Keywords: stainless steel; orthodontic wire; nickel ion release; noni fruit; Morinda citrifolia L.