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Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 pada permukaan resin akrilik polimerisasi panas: Studi eksperimental
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Kehilangan gigi merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan prevalensi yang masih tinggi sehingga penggunaan gigi tiruan menjadi salah satu pilihan rehabilitasi. Basis gigi tiruan umumnya terbuat dari resin akrilik polimerisasi panas yang memiliki porositas mikro dan kekasaran permukaan sehingga memudahkan penumpukan plak serta mendukung perlekatan bakteri patogen, seperti Porphyromonas gingivalis. Pembersihan gigi tiruan umumnya menggunakan sodium hipoklorit, namun penggunaannya dalam jangka panjang dapat memberikan efek yang merugikan terhadap bahan gigi tiruan maupun jaringan rongga mulut. Daun nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) mengandung senyawa antibakteri seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, fenol, saponin, polyisoprenoid, dan terpenoid sehingga berpotensi sebagai bahan pembersih alami gigi tiruan. Tujuan untuk menganalisis ini yaitu aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) konsentrasi 10%, 15%, dan 20% terhadap pertumbuhan Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 pada resin akrilik polimerisasi panas serta mengetahui perbedaan efektivitas antara konsentrasi. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental laboratoris dengan rancangan post-test only control group design. Sebanyak 25 lempeng resin akrilik polimerisasi panas berukuran 10 × 10 × 1 mm dibagi menjadi lima kelompok, yaitu ekstrak daun nipah konsentrasi 10%, 15%, 20%, kontrol positif, dan kontrol negatif. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji One-Way ANOVA yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey HSD. Hasil: Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pemberian ekstrak daun nipah terhadap pertumbuhan P. gingivalis (p<0,001). Uji Tukey HSD menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi 20% memberikan aktivitas antibakteri tertinggi dibandingkan konsentrasi lainnya. Simpulan: Ekstrak daun nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 pada resin akrilik polimerisasi panas, dengan efektivitas terbaik pada konsentrasi 20%.
KATA KUNCI: aktivitas antibakteri, ekstrak daun nipah (Nypa fruticans wurmb), Porphyromonas gingivalis, resin akrilik polimerisasi panas
Antibacterial activity test of nipah leaf extract (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) in inhibiting the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 on the surface of heat-polymerized acrylic resin: Study experimental
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Tooth loss remains a common dental and oral health problem, making dentures one of the most widely used rehabilitation options. Heat-polymerized acrylic resin is the most common denture base material; however, its surface roughness and microporosity facilitate plaque accumulation and bacterial adhesion, including Porphyromonas gingivalis. Denture cleansing is commonly performed using sodium hypochlorite, but prolonged use may adversely affect denture materials and oral tissues. Nipa palm leaves (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) contain antibacterial compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, saponins, polyisoprenoids, and terpenoids, making them a potential natural denture cleanser. This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial activity of Nypa fruticans leaf extract at concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20% against Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 on heat-polymerized acrylic resin and to determine differences in antibacterial effectiveness among the tested concentrations. Methods: This laboratory experimental study used a post-test-only control group design. Twenty-five heat-polymerized acrylic resin plates (10 × 10 × 1 mm) were randomly allocated into five groups: 10%, 15%, and 20% Nypa fruticans leaf extract, a positive control, and a negative control. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD post hoc test. Results: Different concentrations of Nypa fruticans leaf extract had a significant effect on the growth of P. gingivalis (p<0.001). Tukey's HSD test demonstrated that the 20% extract exhibited the highest antibacterial activity compared with the other concentrations. Conclusion: Nypa fruticans Wurmb leaf extract was able to inhibit the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 on heat-polymerized acrylic resin, with the greatest antibacterial activity observed at the 20% concentration.
KEYWORDS: antibacterial activity, nipah leaf extract (Nypa fruticans Wurmb), Porphyromonas gingivalis, heat-polymerized acrylic resin.
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/pjdrs.v10i2.69569
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