PEMBINAAN KESEHATAN KARDIOVASKULAR PADA KELOMPOK DEWASA USIA MUDA DI KECAMATAN JATINANGOR, JAWA BARAT
Abstrak
Latar Belakang. Penyakit kardiovaskular khususnya penyakit arteri koroner (PAK) masih menjadi beban utama morbiditas dan mortalitas di negara berkembang. Penyakit ini tak jarang ditemui pada kelompok usia muda dan berdampak pada pendapatan ekonomi negara. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk melakukan evaluasi faktor risiko PAK pada kelompok dewasa usia muda dan menilai efektivitas penyuluhan kesehatan kardiovaskular pada kelompok tersebut.
Metode. Sebuah studi potong lintang dengan metode pengambilan sample consecutive sampling dilakukan pada 31 mahasiswa di Universitas Padjadjaran, Kecamatan Jatinangor, Jawa Barat. Pada studi ini dilakukan sebuah kegiatan pembinaan kesehatan berupa penyuluhan, pemeriksaan komposisi tubuh dan pemeriksaan elektrokardiografi. Hasil dari pemeriksaan komposisi tubuh dan elektrokardiografi disajikan secara deskriptif. Manfaat penyuluhan bagi peningkatan pengetahuan kardiovaskular pada subjek kami dinilai melalui pre- dan post-test serta uji analisis T- berpasangan.
Hasil. Sebanyak 31 subjek berusia 20,48±1,2 tahun berjenis kelamin laki laki (0,39) dan perempuan (0,61) terlibat dalam studi ini. Pemeriksaan EKG didapati normal pada mayoritas (0,88) subjek dan sinus aritmia terjadi pada 0,12 subjek. Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan rerata tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik dalam kategori normal yaitu sebesar 112,29 ±10,0 mmHg dan 77,90±7,0 mmHg. Namun, terdapat 3 (0,09) subjek dengan tekanan darah yang terkategori sebagai normal tinggi, 3 (0,09) subjek dengan hipertensi derajat I dan 1 (0,03) subjek dengan hipertensi derajat II. Rerata indeks massa tubuh subjek terkategori normal 21,50± 4,0 kg.m-2, dengan sebanyak 0,19 subjek dengan berat badan kurang, 0,15 subjek berat badan overweight dan obesitas kelas I pada 0,15 subjek. Nilai rerata pre-test sebelum penyuluhan 64,97+ 12,5 meningkat secara bermakna sebesar 21,9% menjadi 79,22+ 12,6 pada post-test (p<0,001).
Simpulan. Terdapat faktor risiko PAK yakni berupa hipertensi dan IMT tinggi yang ditemui pada kelompok dewasa usia muda di Kecamatan Jatinangor. Penyuluhan kesehatan secara bermakna meningkatkan pengetahuan mengenai kesehatan jantung pada para kelompok usia muda.
Kata kunci: penyakit arteri koroner, usia muda, faktor risiko
Kata Kunci
Teks Lengkap:
PDFReferensi
Aggarwal, A., Srivastava, S., & Velmurugan, M. (2016). Newer perspectives of coronary artery disease in young. World Journal of Cardiology.
Arts, J., Fernandez, M. L., & Lofgren, I. E. (2014). Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in College Students. Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal.
Atique, S. M., Shadbolt, B., Marley, P., & Farshid, A. (2016). Association Between Body Mass Index and Age of Presentation With Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease. Clinical Cardiology, 39(11), 653–657.
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. (2013). Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2013. Laporan Nasional 2013, 1–384.
Bloom, D. E., Chen, S., McGovern, M., Prettner, K., Candeias, V., Bernaert, A., & Cristin, S. (2015). Economics of Diseases in Indonesia. World Economic Forum, (April).
De Schutter, A., Lavie, C. J., Gonzalez, J., & Milani, R. V. (2011). Body composition in coronary heart disease: how does body mass index correlate with body fatness? The Ochsner Journal.
De Venecia, T., Lu, M., & Figueredo, V. M. (2016). Hypertension in young adults. Postgraduate Medicine, 128(2), 201–207.
Gaziano, T. A. (2007). Reducing the growing burden of cardiovascular disease in the developing world. Health Affairs, 26(1), 13–24.
Jayachandra, S., Murthy, Crv., Rao, Rp., & Agnihotram, G. (2014). Risk-factor profile for coronary artery disease among young and elderly patients in Andhra Pradesh. Heart India.
Kannel, W. B., & Abbott, R. D. (1984). Incidence and prognosis of unrecognized myocardial infarction: An update on the Framingham study. New England Journal of Medicine.
Lippi, G., & Guidi, G. (2002). Risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Cmaj, 166(0820–3946 (Print)), 710.
Liu, K., Daviglus, M. L., Loria, C. M., Colangelo, L. A., Spring, B., Moller, A. C., & Lloyd-Jones, D. M. (2012). Healthy lifestyle through young adulthood and the presence of low cardiovascular disease risk profile in middle age: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA) study. Circulation.
Lopez, A. D., & Mathers, C. D. (2006). Measuring the global burden of disease and epidemiological transitions: 2002-2030. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 100(5–6), 481–499.
Mohamad, N., Ikhsan, N. D., Anis, R., Ismail, R., & Kamaruddin, A. F. (2014). The Effectiveness of Health Education Program on Knowledge of Coronary Heart Disease ( CHD ) Among Public in Puncak Alam , Selangor, 1–7.
Ong, K. L., Cheung, B. M. Y., Man, Y. B., Lau, C. P., & Lam, K. S. L. (2007). Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among United States adults 1999-2004. Hypertension.
Pulungan, Aman B; Madarina, Julia; Batubara, Jose RL; Hermanussen, M. (2018). Indonesian national synthetic growth charts, 1(1), 20–34.
Ramôa Castro, A., Oliveira, N. L., Ribeiro, F., & Oliveira, J. (2017). Impact of educational interventions on primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review with a focus on physical activity. European Journal of General Practice.
Rubin, J. B., & Borden, W. B. (2012). Coronary heart disease in young adults. Current Atherosclerosis Reports.
Sharma, M., & Ganguly, N. K. (2005). Premature coronary artery disease in Indians and its associated risk factors. Vascular Health and Risk Management.
Singh, H. (2012). Arrhythmias in Children and Young Adults.
Tadvi, A. Y., & Bandi, J. R. (2016). Study of prevalence of hypertension in young adult population of age group 20 to 40 years in an urban slum of Mumbai , Maharashtra , India. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health.
Williams, B., Mancia, G., Spiering, W., Rosei, E. A., Azizi, M., Burnier, M., … Zamorano, J. L. (2018). 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. European Heart Journal.
World Health Organization. (2015). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs).
World Health Organization Western Pacific Region. (2000). Redefining Obesity&Its Treatment-WHO.pdf. Zeng, Q., Dong, S. Y., Sun, X. N., Xie, J., & Cui, Y. (2012). Percent body fat is a better predictor of
cardiovascular risk factors than body mass index. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological
Research.
Aggarwal, A., Srivastava, S., & Velmurugan, M. (2016). Newer perspectives of coronary artery disease in young. World Journal of Cardiology.
Arts, J., Fernandez, M. L., & Lofgren, I. E. (2014). Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in College Students. Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal.
Atique, S. M., Shadbolt, B., Marley, P., & Farshid, A. (2016). Association Between Body Mass Index and Age of Presentation With Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease. Clinical Cardiology, 39(11), 653–657.
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. (2013). Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2013. Laporan Nasional 2013, 1–384.
Bloom, D. E., Chen, S., McGovern, M., Prettner, K., Candeias, V., Bernaert, A., & Cristin, S. (2015). Economics of Diseases in Indonesia. World Economic Forum, (April).
De Schutter, A., Lavie, C. J., Gonzalez, J., & Milani, R. V. (2011). Body composition in coronary heart disease: how does body mass index correlate with body fatness? The Ochsner Journal.
De Venecia, T., Lu, M., & Figueredo, V. M. (2016). Hypertension in young adults. Postgraduate Medicine, 128(2), 201–207.
Gaziano, T. A. (2007). Reducing the growing burden of cardiovascular disease in the developing world. Health Affairs, 26(1), 13–24.
Jayachandra, S., Murthy, Crv., Rao, Rp., & Agnihotram, G. (2014). Risk-factor profile for coronary artery disease among young and elderly patients in Andhra Pradesh. Heart India.
Kannel, W. B., & Abbott, R. D. (1984). Incidence and prognosis of unrecognized myocardial infarction: An update on the Framingham study. New England Journal of Medicine.
Lippi, G., & Guidi, G. (2002). Risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Cmaj, 166(0820–3946 (Print)), 710.
Liu, K., Daviglus, M. L., Loria, C. M., Colangelo, L. A., Spring, B., Moller, A. C., & Lloyd-Jones, D. M. (2012). Healthy lifestyle through young adulthood and the presence of low cardiovascular disease risk profile in middle age: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA) study. Circulation.
Lopez, A. D., & Mathers, C. D. (2006). Measuring the global burden of disease and epidemiological transitions: 2002-2030. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 100(5–6), 481–499.
Mohamad, N., Ikhsan, N. D., Anis, R., Ismail, R., & Kamaruddin, A. F. (2014). The Effectiveness of Health Education Program on Knowledge of Coronary Heart Disease ( CHD ) Among Public in Puncak Alam , Selangor, 1–7.
Ong, K. L., Cheung, B. M. Y., Man, Y. B., Lau, C. P., & Lam, K. S. L. (2007). Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among United States adults 1999-2004. Hypertension.
Pulungan, Aman B; Madarina, Julia; Batubara, Jose RL; Hermanussen, M. (2018). Indonesian national synthetic growth charts, 1(1), 20–34.
Ramôa Castro, A., Oliveira, N. L., Ribeiro, F., & Oliveira, J. (2017). Impact of educational interventions on primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review with a focus on physical activity. European Journal of General Practice.
Rubin, J. B., & Borden, W. B. (2012). Coronary heart disease in young adults. Current Atherosclerosis Reports.
Sharma, M., & Ganguly, N. K. (2005). Premature coronary artery disease in Indians and its associated risk factors. Vascular Health and Risk Management.
Singh, H. (2012). Arrhythmias in Children and Young Adults.
Tadvi, A. Y., & Bandi, J. R. (2016). Study of prevalence of hypertension in young adult population of age group 20 to 40 years in an urban slum of Mumbai , Maharashtra , India. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health.
Williams, B., Mancia, G., Spiering, W., Rosei, E. A., Azizi, M., Burnier, M., … Zamorano, J. L. (2018). 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. European Heart Journal.
World Health Organization. (2015). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs).
World Health Organization Western Pacific Region. (2000). Redefining Obesity&Its Treatment-WHO.pdf. Zeng, Q., Dong, S. Y., Sun, X. N., Xie, J., & Cui, Y. (2012). Percent body fat is a better predictor of
cardiovascular risk factors than body mass index. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological
Research.
Aggarwal, A., Srivastava, S., & Velmurugan, M. (2016). Newer perspectives of coronary artery disease in young. World Journal of Cardiology.
Arts, J., Fernandez, M. L., & Lofgren, I. E. (2014). Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in College Students. Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal.
Atique, S. M., Shadbolt, B., Marley, P., & Farshid, A. (2016). Association Between Body Mass Index and Age of Presentation With Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease. Clinical Cardiology, 39(11), 653–657.
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. (2013). Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2013. Laporan Nasional 2013, 1–384.
Bloom, D. E., Chen, S., McGovern, M., Prettner, K., Candeias, V., Bernaert, A., & Cristin, S. (2015). Economics of Diseases in Indonesia. World Economic Forum, (April).
De Schutter, A., Lavie, C. J., Gonzalez, J., & Milani, R. V. (2011). Body composition in coronary heart disease: how does body mass index correlate with body fatness? The Ochsner Journal.
De Venecia, T., Lu, M., & Figueredo, V. M. (2016). Hypertension in young adults. Postgraduate Medicine, 128(2), 201–207.
Gaziano, T. A. (2007). Reducing the growing burden of cardiovascular disease in the developing world. Health Affairs, 26(1), 13–24.
Jayachandra, S., Murthy, Crv., Rao, Rp., & Agnihotram, G. (2014). Risk-factor profile for coronary artery disease among young and elderly patients in Andhra Pradesh. Heart India.
Kannel, W. B., & Abbott, R. D. (1984). Incidence and prognosis of unrecognized myocardial infarction: An update on the Framingham study. New England Journal of Medicine.
Lippi, G., & Guidi, G. (2002). Risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Cmaj, 166(0820–3946 (Print)), 710.
Liu, K., Daviglus, M. L., Loria, C. M., Colangelo, L. A., Spring, B., Moller, A. C., & Lloyd-Jones, D. M. (2012). Healthy lifestyle through young adulthood and the presence of low cardiovascular disease risk profile in middle age: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA) study. Circulation.
Lopez, A. D., & Mathers, C. D. (2006). Measuring the global burden of disease and epidemiological transitions: 2002-2030. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 100(5–6), 481–499.
Mohamad, N., Ikhsan, N. D., Anis, R., Ismail, R., & Kamaruddin, A. F. (2014). The Effectiveness of Health Education Program on Knowledge of Coronary Heart Disease ( CHD ) Among Public in Puncak Alam , Selangor, 1–7.
Ong, K. L., Cheung, B. M. Y., Man, Y. B., Lau, C. P., & Lam, K. S. L. (2007). Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among United States adults 1999-2004. Hypertension.
Pulungan, Aman B; Madarina, Julia; Batubara, Jose RL; Hermanussen, M. (2018). Indonesian national synthetic growth charts, 1(1), 20–34.
Ramôa Castro, A., Oliveira, N. L., Ribeiro, F., & Oliveira, J. (2017). Impact of educational interventions on primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review with a focus on physical activity. European Journal of General Practice.
Rubin, J. B., & Borden, W. B. (2012). Coronary heart disease in young adults. Current Atherosclerosis Reports.
Sharma, M., & Ganguly, N. K. (2005). Premature coronary artery disease in Indians and its associated risk factors. Vascular Health and Risk Management.
Singh, H. (2012). Arrhythmias in Children and Young Adults.
Tadvi, A. Y., & Bandi, J. R. (2016). Study of prevalence of hypertension in young adult population of age group 20 to 40 years in an urban slum of Mumbai , Maharashtra , India. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health.
Williams, B., Mancia, G., Spiering, W., Rosei, E. A., Azizi, M., Burnier, M., … Zamorano, J. L. (2018). 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. European Heart Journal.
World Health Organization. (2015). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs).
World Health Organization Western Pacific Region. (2000). Redefining Obesity&Its Treatment-WHO.pdf. Zeng, Q., Dong, S. Y., Sun, X. N., Xie, J., & Cui, Y. (2012). Percent body fat is a better predictor of
cardiovascular risk factors than body mass index. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological
Research.
Aggarwal, A., Srivastava, S., & Velmurugan, M. (2016). Newer perspectives of coronary artery disease in young. World Journal of Cardiology.
Arts, J., Fernandez, M. L., & Lofgren, I. E. (2014). Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in College Students. Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal.
Atique, S. M., Shadbolt, B., Marley, P., & Farshid, A. (2016). Association Between Body Mass Index and Age of Presentation With Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease. Clinical Cardiology, 39(11), 653–657.
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. (2013). Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2013. Laporan Nasional 2013, 1–384.
Bloom, D. E., Chen, S., McGovern, M., Prettner, K., Candeias, V., Bernaert, A., & Cristin, S. (2015). Economics of Diseases in Indonesia. World Economic Forum, (April).
De Schutter, A., Lavie, C. J., Gonzalez, J., & Milani, R. V. (2011). Body composition in coronary heart disease: how does body mass index correlate with body fatness? The Ochsner Journal.
De Venecia, T., Lu, M., & Figueredo, V. M. (2016). Hypertension in young adults. Postgraduate Medicine, 128(2), 201–207.
Gaziano, T. A. (2007). Reducing the growing burden of cardiovascular disease in the developing world. Health Affairs, 26(1), 13–24.
Jayachandra, S., Murthy, Crv., Rao, Rp., & Agnihotram, G. (2014). Risk-factor profile for coronary artery disease among young and elderly patients in Andhra Pradesh. Heart India.
Kannel, W. B., & Abbott, R. D. (1984). Incidence and prognosis of unrecognized myocardial infarction: An update on the Framingham study. New England Journal of Medicine.
Lippi, G., & Guidi, G. (2002). Risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Cmaj, 166(0820–3946 (Print)), 710.
Liu, K., Daviglus, M. L., Loria, C. M., Colangelo, L. A., Spring, B., Moller, A. C., & Lloyd-Jones, D. M. (2012). Healthy lifestyle through young adulthood and the presence of low cardiovascular disease risk profile in middle age: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA) study. Circulation.
Lopez, A. D., & Mathers, C. D. (2006). Measuring the global burden of disease and epidemiological transitions: 2002-2030. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 100(5–6), 481–499.
Mohamad, N., Ikhsan, N. D., Anis, R., Ismail, R., & Kamaruddin, A. F. (2014). The Effectiveness of Health Education Program on Knowledge of Coronary Heart Disease ( CHD ) Among Public in Puncak Alam , Selangor, 1–7.
Ong, K. L., Cheung, B. M. Y., Man, Y. B., Lau, C. P., & Lam, K. S. L. (2007). Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among United States adults 1999-2004. Hypertension.
Pulungan, Aman B; Madarina, Julia; Batubara, Jose RL; Hermanussen, M. (2018). Indonesian national synthetic growth charts, 1(1), 20–34.
Ramôa Castro, A., Oliveira, N. L., Ribeiro, F., & Oliveira, J. (2017). Impact of educational interventions on primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review with a focus on physical activity. European Journal of General Practice.
Rubin, J. B., & Borden, W. B. (2012). Coronary heart disease in young adults. Current Atherosclerosis Reports.
Sharma, M., & Ganguly, N. K. (2005). Premature coronary artery disease in Indians and its associated risk factors. Vascular Health and Risk Management.
Singh, H. (2012). Arrhythmias in Children and Young Adults.
Tadvi, A. Y., & Bandi, J. R. (2016). Study of prevalence of hypertension in young adult population of age group 20 to 40 years in an urban slum of Mumbai , Maharashtra , India. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health.
Williams, B., Mancia, G., Spiering, W., Rosei, E. A., Azizi, M., Burnier, M., … Zamorano, J. L. (2018). 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. European Heart Journal.
World Health Organization. (2015). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs).
World Health Organization Western Pacific Region. (2000). Redefining Obesity&Its Treatment-WHO.pdf. Zeng, Q., Dong, S. Y., Sun, X. N., Xie, J., & Cui, Y. (2012). Percent body fat is a better predictor of
cardiovascular risk factors than body mass index. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological
Research.
Aggarwal, A., Srivastava, S., & Velmurugan, M. (2016). Newer perspectives of coronary artery disease in young. World Journal of Cardiology.
Arts, J., Fernandez, M. L., & Lofgren, I. E. (2014). Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in College Students. Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal.
Atique, S. M., Shadbolt, B., Marley, P., & Farshid, A. (2016). Association Between Body Mass Index and Age of Presentation With Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease. Clinical Cardiology, 39(11), 653–657.
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. (2013). Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2013. Laporan Nasional 2013, 1–384.
Bloom, D. E., Chen, S., McGovern, M., Prettner, K., Candeias, V., Bernaert, A., & Cristin, S. (2015). Economics of Diseases in Indonesia. World Economic Forum, (April).
De Schutter, A., Lavie, C. J., Gonzalez, J., & Milani, R. V. (2011). Body composition in coronary heart disease: how does body mass index correlate with body fatness? The Ochsner Journal.
De Venecia, T., Lu, M., & Figueredo, V. M. (2016). Hypertension in young adults. Postgraduate Medicine, 128(2), 201–207.
Gaziano, T. A. (2007). Reducing the growing burden of cardiovascular disease in the developing world. Health Affairs, 26(1), 13–24.
Jayachandra, S., Murthy, Crv., Rao, Rp., & Agnihotram, G. (2014). Risk-factor profile for coronary artery disease among young and elderly patients in Andhra Pradesh. Heart India.
Kannel, W. B., & Abbott, R. D. (1984). Incidence and prognosis of unrecognized myocardial infarction: An update on the Framingham study. New England Journal of Medicine.
Lippi, G., & Guidi, G. (2002). Risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Cmaj, 166(0820–3946 (Print)), 710.
Liu, K., Daviglus, M. L., Loria, C. M., Colangelo, L. A., Spring, B., Moller, A. C., & Lloyd-Jones, D. M. (2012). Healthy lifestyle through young adulthood and the presence of low cardiovascular disease risk profile in middle age: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA) study. Circulation.
Lopez, A. D., & Mathers, C. D. (2006). Measuring the global burden of disease and epidemiological transitions: 2002-2030. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 100(5–6), 481–499.
Mohamad, N., Ikhsan, N. D., Anis, R., Ismail, R., & Kamaruddin, A. F. (2014). The Effectiveness of Health Education Program on Knowledge of Coronary Heart Disease ( CHD ) Among Public in Puncak Alam , Selangor, 1–7.
Ong, K. L., Cheung, B. M. Y., Man, Y. B., Lau, C. P., & Lam, K. S. L. (2007). Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among United States adults 1999-2004. Hypertension.
Pulungan, Aman B; Madarina, Julia; Batubara, Jose RL; Hermanussen, M. (2018). Indonesian national synthetic growth charts, 1(1), 20–34.
Ramôa Castro, A., Oliveira, N. L., Ribeiro, F., & Oliveira, J. (2017). Impact of educational interventions on primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review with a focus on physical activity. European Journal of General Practice.
Rubin, J. B., & Borden, W. B. (2012). Coronary heart disease in young adults. Current Atherosclerosis Reports.
Sharma, M., & Ganguly, N. K. (2005). Premature coronary artery disease in Indians and its associated risk factors. Vascular Health and Risk Management.
Singh, H. (2012). Arrhythmias in Children and Young Adults.
Tadvi, A. Y., & Bandi, J. R. (2016). Study of prevalence of hypertension in young adult population of age group 20 to 40 years in an urban slum of Mumbai , Maharashtra , India. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health.
Williams, B., Mancia, G., Spiering, W., Rosei, E. A., Azizi, M., Burnier, M., … Zamorano, J. L. (2018). 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. European Heart Journal.
World Health Organization. (2015). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs).
World Health Organization Western Pacific Region. (2000). Redefining Obesity&Its Treatment-WHO.pdf. Zeng, Q., Dong, S. Y., Sun, X. N., Xie, J., & Cui, Y. (2012). Percent body fat is a better predictor of
cardiovascular risk factors than body mass index. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological
Research.
Aggarwal, A., Srivastava, S., & Velmurugan, M. (2016). Newer perspectives of coronary artery disease in young. World Journal of Cardiology.
Arts, J., Fernandez, M. L., & Lofgren, I. E. (2014). Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in College Students. Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal.
Atique, S. M., Shadbolt, B., Marley, P., & Farshid, A. (2016). Association Between Body Mass Index and Age of Presentation With Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease. Clinical Cardiology, 39(11), 653–657.
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. (2013). Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2013. Laporan Nasional 2013, 1–384.
Bloom, D. E., Chen, S., McGovern, M., Prettner, K., Candeias, V., Bernaert, A., & Cristin, S. (2015). Economics of Diseases in Indonesia. World Economic Forum, (April).
De Schutter, A., Lavie, C. J., Gonzalez, J., & Milani, R. V. (2011). Body composition in coronary heart disease: how does body mass index correlate with body fatness? The Ochsner Journal.
De Venecia, T., Lu, M., & Figueredo, V. M. (2016). Hypertension in young adults. Postgraduate Medicine, 128(2), 201–207.
Gaziano, T. A. (2007). Reducing the growing burden of cardiovascular disease in the developing world. Health Affairs, 26(1), 13–24.
Jayachandra, S., Murthy, Crv., Rao, Rp., & Agnihotram, G. (2014). Risk-factor profile for coronary artery disease among young and elderly patients in Andhra Pradesh. Heart India.
Kannel, W. B., & Abbott, R. D. (1984). Incidence and prognosis of unrecognized myocardial infarction: An update on the Framingham study. New England Journal of Medicine.
Lippi, G., & Guidi, G. (2002). Risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Cmaj, 166(0820–3946 (Print)), 710.
Liu, K., Daviglus, M. L., Loria, C. M., Colangelo, L. A., Spring, B., Moller, A. C., & Lloyd-Jones, D. M. (2012). Healthy lifestyle through young adulthood and the presence of low cardiovascular disease risk profile in middle age: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA) study. Circulation.
Lopez, A. D., & Mathers, C. D. (2006). Measuring the global burden of disease and epidemiological transitions: 2002-2030. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 100(5–6), 481–499.
Mohamad, N., Ikhsan, N. D., Anis, R., Ismail, R., & Kamaruddin, A. F. (2014). The Effectiveness of Health Education Program on Knowledge of Coronary Heart Disease ( CHD ) Among Public in Puncak Alam , Selangor, 1–7.
Ong, K. L., Cheung, B. M. Y., Man, Y. B., Lau, C. P., & Lam, K. S. L. (2007). Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among United States adults 1999-2004. Hypertension.
Pulungan, Aman B; Madarina, Julia; Batubara, Jose RL; Hermanussen, M. (2018). Indonesian national synthetic growth charts, 1(1), 20–34.
Ramôa Castro, A., Oliveira, N. L., Ribeiro, F., & Oliveira, J. (2017). Impact of educational interventions on primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review with a focus on physical activity. European Journal of General Practice.
Rubin, J. B., & Borden, W. B. (2012). Coronary heart disease in young adults. Current Atherosclerosis Reports.
Sharma, M., & Ganguly, N. K. (2005). Premature coronary artery disease in Indians and its associated risk factors. Vascular Health and Risk Management.
Singh, H. (2012). Arrhythmias in Children and Young Adults.
Tadvi, A. Y., & Bandi, J. R. (2016). Study of prevalence of hypertension in young adult population of age group 20 to 40 years in an urban slum of Mumbai , Maharashtra , India. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health.
Williams, B., Mancia, G., Spiering, W., Rosei, E. A., Azizi, M., Burnier, M., … Zamorano, J. L. (2018). 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. European Heart Journal.
World Health Organization. (2015). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs).
World Health Organization Western Pacific Region. (2000). Redefining Obesity&Its Treatment-WHO.pdf. Zeng, Q., Dong, S. Y., Sun, X. N., Xie, J., & Cui, Y. (2012). Percent body fat is a better predictor of
cardiovascular risk factors than body mass index. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological
Research.
Aggarwal, A., Srivastava, S., & Velmurugan, M. (2016). Newer perspectives of coronary artery disease in young. World Journal of Cardiology.
Arts, J., Fernandez, M. L., & Lofgren, I. E. (2014). Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in College Students. Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal.
Atique, S. M., Shadbolt, B., Marley, P., & Farshid, A. (2016). Association Between Body Mass Index and Age of Presentation With Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease. Clinical Cardiology, 39(11), 653–657.
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. (2013). Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2013. Laporan Nasional 2013, 1–384.
Bloom, D. E., Chen, S., McGovern, M., Prettner, K., Candeias, V., Bernaert, A., & Cristin, S. (2015). Economics of Diseases in Indonesia. World Economic Forum, (April).
De Schutter, A., Lavie, C. J., Gonzalez, J., & Milani, R. V. (2011). Body composition in coronary heart disease: how does body mass index correlate with body fatness? The Ochsner Journal.
De Venecia, T., Lu, M., & Figueredo, V. M. (2016). Hypertension in young adults. Postgraduate Medicine, 128(2), 201–207.
Gaziano, T. A. (2007). Reducing the growing burden of cardiovascular disease in the developing world. Health Affairs, 26(1), 13–24.
Jayachandra, S., Murthy, Crv., Rao, Rp., & Agnihotram, G. (2014). Risk-factor profile for coronary artery disease among young and elderly patients in Andhra Pradesh. Heart India.
Kannel, W. B., & Abbott, R. D. (1984). Incidence and prognosis of unrecognized myocardial infarction: An update on the Framingham study. New England Journal of Medicine.
Lippi, G., & Guidi, G. (2002). Risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Cmaj, 166(0820–3946 (Print)), 710.
Liu, K., Daviglus, M. L., Loria, C. M., Colangelo, L. A., Spring, B., Moller, A. C., & Lloyd-Jones, D. M. (2012). Healthy lifestyle through young adulthood and the presence of low cardiovascular disease risk profile in middle age: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA) study. Circulation.
Lopez, A. D., & Mathers, C. D. (2006). Measuring the global burden of disease and epidemiological transitions: 2002-2030. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 100(5–6), 481–499.
Mohamad, N., Ikhsan, N. D., Anis, R., Ismail, R., & Kamaruddin, A. F. (2014). The Effectiveness of Health Education Program on Knowledge of Coronary Heart Disease ( CHD ) Among Public in Puncak Alam , Selangor, 1–7.
Ong, K. L., Cheung, B. M. Y., Man, Y. B., Lau, C. P., & Lam, K. S. L. (2007). Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among United States adults 1999-2004. Hypertension.
Pulungan, Aman B; Madarina, Julia; Batubara, Jose RL; Hermanussen, M. (2018). Indonesian national synthetic growth charts, 1(1), 20–34.
Ramôa Castro, A., Oliveira, N. L., Ribeiro, F., & Oliveira, J. (2017). Impact of educational interventions on primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review with a focus on physical activity. European Journal of General Practice.
Rubin, J. B., & Borden, W. B. (2012). Coronary heart disease in young adults. Current Atherosclerosis Reports.
Sharma, M., & Ganguly, N. K. (2005). Premature coronary artery disease in Indians and its associated risk factors. Vascular Health and Risk Management.
Singh, H. (2012). Arrhythmias in Children and Young Adults.
Tadvi, A. Y., & Bandi, J. R. (2016). Study of prevalence of hypertension in young adult population of age group 20 to 40 years in an urban slum of Mumbai , Maharashtra , India. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health.
Williams, B., Mancia, G., Spiering, W., Rosei, E. A., Azizi, M., Burnier, M., … Zamorano, J. L. (2018). 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. European Heart Journal.
World Health Organization. (2015). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs).
World Health Organization Western Pacific Region. (2000). Redefining Obesity&Its Treatment-WHO.pdf. Zeng, Q., Dong, S. Y., Sun, X. N., Xie, J., & Cui, Y. (2012). Percent body fat is a better predictor of
cardiovascular risk factors than body mass index. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological
Research.
Aggarwal, A., Srivastava, S., & Velmurugan, M. (2016). Newer perspectives of coronary artery disease in young. World Journal of Cardiology.
Arts, J., Fernandez, M. L., & Lofgren, I. E. (2014). Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in College Students. Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal.
Atique, S. M., Shadbolt, B., Marley, P., & Farshid, A. (2016). Association Between Body Mass Index and Age of Presentation With Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease. Clinical Cardiology, 39(11), 653–657.
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. (2013). Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2013. Laporan Nasional 2013, 1–384.
Bloom, D. E., Chen, S., McGovern, M., Prettner, K., Candeias, V., Bernaert, A., & Cristin, S. (2015). Economics of Diseases in Indonesia. World Economic Forum, (April).
De Schutter, A., Lavie, C. J., Gonzalez, J., & Milani, R. V. (2011). Body composition in coronary heart disease: how does body mass index correlate with body fatness? The Ochsner Journal.
De Venecia, T., Lu, M., & Figueredo, V. M. (2016). Hypertension in young adults. Postgraduate Medicine, 128(2), 201–207.
Gaziano, T. A. (2007). Reducing the growing burden of cardiovascular disease in the developing world. Health Affairs, 26(1), 13–24.
Jayachandra, S., Murthy, Crv., Rao, Rp., & Agnihotram, G. (2014). Risk-factor profile for coronary artery disease among young and elderly patients in Andhra Pradesh. Heart India.
Kannel, W. B., & Abbott, R. D. (1984). Incidence and prognosis of unrecognized myocardial infarction: An update on the Framingham study. New England Journal of Medicine.
Lippi, G., & Guidi, G. (2002). Risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Cmaj, 166(0820–3946 (Print)), 710.
Liu, K., Daviglus, M. L., Loria, C. M., Colangelo, L. A., Spring, B., Moller, A. C., & Lloyd-Jones, D. M. (2012). Healthy lifestyle through young adulthood and the presence of low cardiovascular disease risk profile in middle age: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA) study. Circulation.
Lopez, A. D., & Mathers, C. D. (2006). Measuring the global burden of disease and epidemiological transitions: 2002-2030. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 100(5–6), 481–499.
Mohamad, N., Ikhsan, N. D., Anis, R., Ismail, R., & Kamaruddin, A. F. (2014). The Effectiveness of Health Education Program on Knowledge of Coronary Heart Disease ( CHD ) Among Public in Puncak Alam , Selangor, 1–7.
Ong, K. L., Cheung, B. M. Y., Man, Y. B., Lau, C. P., & Lam, K. S. L. (2007). Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among United States adults 1999-2004. Hypertension.
Pulungan, Aman B; Madarina, Julia; Batubara, Jose RL; Hermanussen, M. (2018). Indonesian national synthetic growth charts, 1(1), 20–34.
Ramôa Castro, A., Oliveira, N. L., Ribeiro, F., & Oliveira, J. (2017). Impact of educational interventions on primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review with a focus on physical activity. European Journal of General Practice.
Rubin, J. B., & Borden, W. B. (2012). Coronary heart disease in young adults. Current Atherosclerosis Reports.
Sharma, M., & Ganguly, N. K. (2005). Premature coronary artery disease in Indians and its associated risk factors. Vascular Health and Risk Management.
Singh, H. (2012). Arrhythmias in Children and Young Adults.
Tadvi, A. Y., & Bandi, J. R. (2016). Study of prevalence of hypertension in young adult population of age group 20 to 40 years in an urban slum of Mumbai , Maharashtra , India. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health.
Williams, B., Mancia, G., Spiering, W., Rosei, E. A., Azizi, M., Burnier, M., … Zamorano, J. L. (2018). 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. European Heart Journal.
World Health Organization. (2015). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs).
World Health Organization Western Pacific Region. (2000). Redefining Obesity&Its Treatment-WHO.pdf. Zeng, Q., Dong, S. Y., Sun, X. N., Xie, J., & Cui, Y. (2012). Percent body fat is a better predictor of
cardiovascular risk factors than body mass index. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological
Research.
Refbacks
- Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.
##submission.copyrightStatement##
Jurnal ini Terindeks di:
PENERBIT
Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Universitas Padjadjaran