KONTROL NEGARA OTORITARIAN ATAS MEDIA: PEMBATASAN KEBEBASAN PERS DI MYANMAR PASCA KUDETA MILITER
Abstrak
Kudeta militer Myanmar pada Februari 2021 memicu kembalinya rezim otoritarian yang secara sistematis membatasi kebebasan pers. Penelitian ini menganalisis strategi kekuasaan junta dalam mengontrol informasi melalui kriminalisasi jurnalis, penutupan media independen, sensor digital, serta penyebaran propaganda pro-pemerintah. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis studi literatur, analisis dalam artikel ini dilakukan menggunakan kerangka otoritarianisme untuk menjelaskan represi informasi sebagai instrumen stabilitas semu, serta teori hegemoni Gramsci untuk memahami konstruksi legitimasi melalui dominasi ideologis. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembatasan pers di Myanmar bukan sekadar pelanggaran hak asasi manusia, tetapi merupakan strategi terencana untuk mempertahankan kekuasaan melalui kombinasi represi koersif dan manipulasi narasi publik. Selain itu, perlawanan masyarakat melalui media alternatif dan kampanye digital global mengungkap rapuhnya hegemoni militer yang sangat bergantung pada tindakan represif. Artikel ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman mengenai bagaimana rezim otoriter kontemporer memadukan kontrol media dan otoritarianisme digital untuk mempertahankan dominasi politik.
The military coup in Myanmar on February 2021 marked the resurgence of an authoritarian regime that systematically restricts press freedom. This study analyzes the junta’s strategies in controlling information through the criminalization of journalists, the shutdown of independent media, digital censorship, and the dissemination of pro-government propaganda. Using a qualitative, literature-based approach, the article applies authoritarianism theory to explain information repression as an instrument for constructing a false sense of stability, and Gramsci’s theory of hegemony to understand how ideological domination is used to legitimize military rule. The findings show that restrictions on press freedom in Myanmar are not merely human rights violations but a deliberate strategy to maintain power through a combination of coercive repression and narrative manipulation. In addition, societal resistance supported by alternative media and global digital campaigns reveals the fragility of the military’s hegemony, which depends heavily on coercive measures. This article provides insight into how contemporary authoritarian regimes integrate media control and digital authoritarianism to sustain political dominance.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/responsive.v8i4.66773
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