PENGARUH UANG ELEKTRONIK, PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, DAN RASIO ELEKTRIFIKASI TERHADAP EMISI KARBON DI INDONESIA

Nurah Nurah, Maryanti Maryanti

Abstrak


Peningkatan aktivitas ekonomi dan percepatan digitalisasi di Indonesia memberikan implikasi penting terhadap upaya penurunan emisi karbon, khususnya dalam rangka memenuhi target nasional Net Zero Emission 2060. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan uang elektronik, pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan rasio elektrifikasi terhadap emisi karbon di 33 provinsi Indonesia selama periode 2021–2023. Metode yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel melalui Fixed Effects dengan pendekatan Generalized Least Squares (GLS), yang dipilih untuk mengakomodasi heterogenitas antarprovinsi serta mengatasi potensi heteroskedastisitas dan autokorelasi pada data panel pendek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan uang elektronik berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap emisi karbon, sehingga digitalisasi transaksi berperan dalam meningkatkan efisiensi energi. Pertumbuhan ekonomi berpengaruh positif signifikan, sedangkan pertumbuhan ekonomi kuadrat berpengaruh negatif signifikan, yang mengonfirmasi pola U terbalik sesuai kerangka Environmental Kuznets Curve. Selain itu, rasio elektrifikasi berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan, menandakan bahwa perluasan akses listrik mendukung penurunan emisi melalui pemanfaatan energi yang lebih efisien. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya penguatan kebijakan digitalisasi pembayaran, percepatan elektrifikasi, serta pengembangan energi rendah karbon untuk mendorong pembangunan berkelanjutan di Indonesia.

 

Increased economic activity and accelerated digitalization in Indonesia have important implications for carbon emission reduction efforts, particularly in the context of meeting the national Net Zero Emission 2060 target. This study aims to analyze the effect of electronic money usage, economic growth, and electrification ratio on carbon emissions in 33 provinces in Indonesia during the period 2021–2023. The method used is panel data regression through Fixed Effects with a Generalized Least Squares (GLS) approach, which was chosen to accommodate inter-provincial heterogeneity and overcome potential heteroscedasticity and autocorelacy in short panel data. The results show that the use of electronic money has a negative and significant effect on carbon emissions, indicating that the digitization of transactions plays a role in improving energy efficiency. Economic growth has a significant positive effect, while its square has a significant negative effect, confirming the inverted U pattern in accordance with the Environmental Kuznets Curve framework. In addition, the electrification ratio has a negative and significant effect, indicating that expanding access to electricity supports emission reductions through more efficient energy use. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening payment digitalization policies, accelerating electrification, and developing low-carbon energy to promote sustainable development in Indonesia.


Kata Kunci


Emisi Karbon, Environmental Kuznets Curve, Generalized Least Square, dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/responsive.v8i4.67301

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