Membangun Kehidupan Pasca Migrasi: Sebuah Kajian tentang Ketahanan Keluarga dan Modal Sosial dalam Proses Strukturasi Sosial Purna Pekerja Migran di Desa Sende

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Fenomena pekerja migran Indonesia (PMI) telah menjadi strategi keluarga perdesaan dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan, termasuk di Desa Sende, Kabupaten Cirebon. Meskipun memberikan kontribusi ekonomi yang signifikan, kehidupan pasca migrasi sering kali menghadirkan tantangan baru bagi purna pekerja migran dan keluarganya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dinamika ketahanan keluarga, modal sosial dan proses strukturasi sosial dalam membangun kehidupan pasca migrasi purna pekerja migran di Desa Sende. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi fenomenologi melalui teknik wawancara mendalam dengan purna pekerja migran, keluarga, tokoh masyarakat dan pemangku kepentingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketahanan keluarga menjadi fondasi utama yang menopang purna pekerja migran dalam menghadapi hambatan ekonomi-sosial, dengan dukungan dari pasangan, orang tua dan keluarga besar. Modal sosial yang terbangun melalui jaringan antar keluarga migran dan difasilitasi oleh pemerintah desa berperan sebagai instrumen penting dalam mendorong usaha produktif kolektif, seperti penggilingan padi, peternakan ayam dan usaha rumah tangga. Selanjutnya, proses strukturasi sosial tercermin dari terbentuknya pola relasi baru yang inklusif, di mana masyarakat non-migran turut terlibat dalam aktivitas ekonomi purna pekerja migran, sehingga memperluas distribusi kesempatan kerja sekaligus memperkuat solidaritas sosial. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa keberhasilan reintegrasi purna pekerja migran di Desa Sende merupakan hasil dari interaksi antara ketahanan keluarga, pemanfaatan modal sosial dan intervensi kebijakan desa yang melahirkan struktur sosial baru.

Kata kunci: Ketahanan Keluarga, Modal Sosial, Purna Pekerja Migran, Strukturasi Sosial

ABSTRACT

The phenomenon of Indonesian migrant workers (PMI) has become a strategy for rural families to improve their welfare, including in Sende Village, Cirebon Regency. Although they make a significant economic contribution, post-migration life often presents new challenges for former migrants and their families. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of family resilience, social capital, and the process of social structuring in building the post-migration lives of former migrant workers in Sende Village. The method used is a qualitative approach with a phenomenological study through in-depth interviews with former migrant workers, families, community leaders, and stakeholders. The results show that family resilience is the main foundation that supports former migrant workers in facing economic and social obstacles, with support from spouses, parents, and extended families. Social capital built through networks between migrant families and facilitated by the village government plays an important role in encouraging collective productive enterprises, such as rice mills, chicken farms, and household businesses. Furthermore, the process of social structuring is reflected in the formation of new inclusive relationship patterns, in which non-migrant communities are involved in the economic activities of former migrant workers, thereby expanding the distribution of employment opportunities and strengthening social solidarity. This study concludes that the successful reintegration of former migrant workers in Sende Village is the result of the interaction between family resilience, the utilization of social capital, and village policy interventions that have given rise to a new social structure.

Keywords: Family Resilience, Retired Migrant Workers, Social Capital, Social Structuration