CONFLICT AND VIOLENCE WITHIN THE HIBUA LAMO COMMUNITY IN TOBELO NORTH HALMAHERA

Elsina Titaley; Abubakar Muhammad Nur

doi:10.24198/sosiohumaniora.v24i2.38168

CONFLICT AND VIOLENCE WITHIN THE HIBUA LAMO COMMUNITY IN TOBELO NORTH HALMAHERA

Elsina Titaley, Abubakar Muhammad Nur

Abstract

The Hibua Lamo Community (ethnic Tobelo) is a community group that lives and integrates integration in the North Halmahera region and is characterized by the treatment of customs. In social life, they always lived in harmony and peace, since 1606, under the foundation of cultural values. In 1999-2001, Hibua Lamo community was faced by conflict and violence between brotherhood caused of religions that triggered them to kill each other. The purpose of this research is to describe and analyze the background of conflict in Hibua Lamo community. This qualitative research includes ethnographic research on the Hibua Lamo community. The results show that the conflict in the Hibua Lamo community was triggered by the conflicts among religious adherents in Ambon 1999. This article has its own distinctive characteristics that are different from other articles becuase the researcher is an aboriginal who saw for himself the conflicts that occurred in 1999 in North Halamahera and was confirmed by important important figures in the HL community. There are three factors that are escalators of conflict and violence within the Hibua Lamo community: (1) Fanaticism of each adherent of religion, (2) Fragment of noble values in Hibua Lamo culture, (3) exodus community groups as victims of violent conflict in Ambon, each carrying information according to the suffering they experience, leads to a sense of the devout by each adherent of religion (Islam and Christian) within Hibua Lamo community, North Halmahera. This study recommends that the Hibua Lamo concept can be considered to resolve conflicts.

Keywords

Conflict; violence; community hibua lamo; islam; christian

Full Text:

PDF

References

Bertrand, J. (2002). Legacies of the authoritarian past: Religious violence in Indonesia’s Moluccan islands. Pacific Affairs, 75(1), 57–85.

Carolan, G. (2021). Statebuilding in the peace agreements of Sudan and South Sudan. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 15(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2019.1703492

Coser, L.A. (1957). Social Conflict and the theory of social change. The British Journal of Sociology, 8(3), 197. https://doi.org/10. 2307/586859

Creswell, J. (2004). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (2nd ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Duncan, C.R. (2016). Coexistence not reconciliation: from communal violence to non-violence in North Maluku, Eastern Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 17(5), 460–474. https://doi.org/10.1080/14442213.2016.1206615

Ercoşkun, B. (2021). On Galtung’s approach to peace studies. Lectio Socialis, 5(1), 1–7.

Galaa, S.Z., & Bukari, F.I.M. (2014). Water tariff conflict resolution through indigenous participation in tri-water sector partnerships: Dalun cluster communities in northern Ghana. Development in Practice, 24(5–6), 722–734. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524. 2014.940852

Ghaffar, A. (2009). Conflict in schools : its causes & management strategies. Journal of Managerial Sciences, 3(2), 212–227. http://www.qurtuba.edu.pk/jms/default_files/JMS/3_2/05_ghaffar.pdf

Goss, J.O.N. (2000). Understanding the “ Maluku wars”: Overview of sources of communal conflict and prospects for peace. Cakalele, 11(0), 7–39.

Güçlü, İ., Meslek, P., & Okulu, Y. (2014). Karl Marx and Ralf Dahrendorf: A comparative perspective on class formation and conflict. Eskişehir Osmangazi University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 9(2), 151–168.

Guinness, P. (2015). Religion, community and conflict in Indonesia: Reflections on chris duncan’s violence and vengeance. Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 16(1), 74–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 14442213. 2014.983447

Hendricks, W. (2008). Bagaimana Mengelola konflik petunjuk praktis untuk manajemen konflik yang efektif [How to manage conflict practical hints for effective conflict management], Jakarta, Bumi Aksara.

König, A. (2016). Identity Constructions and Dayak ethnic strife in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 17(2), 121–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/14442213. 2016.1146917

Mapolisa, T., & Tshabalala, T. (2012). An investigation into the causes of conflict in Zimbabwean schools : A case study of Nkayi south circuit. Nova Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(1), 1–6.

Marchetti, R., & Tocci, N. (2009). Conflict society: Understanding the role of civil society in conflict. Global Change, Peace and Security, 21(2), 201–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 14781150902872091

Mekonnen & Mengistu, M. (2015). The root causes of conflicts in the horn of Africa. American Journal of Applied Psychology, 4(2), 28–34. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20150402.12

Nanuru, R. (2011). Ontologi hibualamo dalam perspektif jurgen habermas. Jurnal Filsafat, 21(1), 31–47. https://doi.org/10. 17605/OSF.IO/VJ5ZA

Noonan, O., & Kevlihan, R. (2018). Managing conflict in North-West Kenya: The siege of Loregon and its aftermath. Conflict, Security and Development, 18(2), 137–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2018.1447862

Nur, A. M., Kanto, S., Wisadirana, D., & Nyoman Nurjaya, I. (2019). Hacking the steep road of the kinship system in the Hibua Lamo community in Tobelo North Halmahera. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 10(1), 274–284.

Omisore, B. O., & Abiodun, A. R. (2014). Organizational conflicts: causes, effects and remedies. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 3(6), 118–137. https://doi.org/10. 6007/ijarems/v3-i6/1351

Opiyo, F. E. O., Wasonga, O. V, Schilling, J., & Mureithi, S. M. (2012). Resource-based conflicts in drought-prone North-Western Kenya: The drivers and mitigation mechanisms. Wudpecker Journal of Agricultural Research, 1(11), 442–453. http://www.wudpeckerresearchjournals.org

Papilaya, E. J. (2012). Kharisma Hibua Lamo: tutur kearifan kepemimpinan budaya [Charisma of Hibua Lamo: Speech of the wisdom in cultural leadership]. Tobelo: Department of Tourism and Culture of North Halmahera.

Qu, S.Q., & Dumay, J. (2011). The qualitative research interview. Qualitative research in accounting and management, 8(3), 238–264. https://doi.org/10.1108/11766091111162070

Quick, J., & Hall, S. (2015). Part two: Qualitative research. Journal of Perioperative Practice, 25(7–8), 129–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 1750458915025007-803

Salleh, M.J., & Adulpakdee, A. (2012). Causes of Conflict and effective methods to conflict management at Islamic secondary. International Interdisciplinary Journal of Education, 1(1)(Feb), 1.

Schulze, K.E. (2017). The “ethnic” in Indonesia’s communal conflicts: violence in Ambon, Poso, and Sambas. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 40(12), 2096–2114. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 01419870.2017.1277030

Silberman, I., Higgins, E.T., & Dweck, C.S. (2005). Religion and world change: Violence and terrorism versus peace. Journal of Social Issues, 61(4), 761–784. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1540-4560.2005.00431.x

Turner, B.S. (2010). Thinking citizenship series: Ralf dahrendorf on citizenship and life chances. Citizenship Studies, 14(2), 237–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621021003594973

Uprety, D.R. (2006). Conflicts in natural resource management - Examples from community forestry. Journal of the Austrian Society of Agricultural Economics, 15, 143–155.

Werner, K., & Lambsdorff, J.G. (2020). Emotional Numbing and lessons learned after a violent conflict–experimental evidence from Ambon, Indonesia. Journal of Development Studies, 56(5), 859–873. https://doi.org/10. 1080/00220388.2019.1590550

Wilson, C. (2015). Illiberal democracy and violent conflict in contemporary Indonesia. Democratization, 22(7), 1317–1337. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2014.949680

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/sosiohumaniora.v24i2.38168