Efektivitas dalam Memantau dan Mengontrol Sistem Hidroponik Apung pada Pertumbuhan Pakcoy Berbasis Sensor TDS Arduino Uno R3

Puspitahati Puspitahati, Fandri Bayu Kelana, Nurul Izzah Aulia

Abstract


Keberhasilan sistem hidroponik apung tergantung dari pengelolaan kadar nutrisi larutan.  Saat ini pemantauan dan pengaturan kadar nutrisi masih secara konvensional yang memerlukan waktu dan tenaga. Oleh karena itu diperlukan sistem otomatis yang mampu mengontrol konsentrasi nutrisi secara real-time dan akurat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memantau dan mengontrol kadar nutrisi dan mengetahui efisiensi sensor TDS pada alat kontrol otomatis mikrokontroler Arduino UNO R3.  Penelitian ini dilakukan mulai Oktober 2023 hingga selesai di Rumah Tanaman Jurusan Teknologi Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sriwijaya. Metodologi mencakup desain fungsional dan struktural, sistem pemantauan dan kontrol berbasis mikrokontroler, serta pengujian demonstrasi perangkat kontrol nutrisi hidroponik otomatis, dievaluasi berdasarkan parameter yaitu akurasi, presisi, dan persentase kesalahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsentrasi nutrisi 500 ppm selama minggu ke-2 dan 600 ppm selama minggu ke-3, menggunakan nutrisi AB Mix setiap jam selama 12 jam per hari diukur menggunakan Arduino UNO R3 dan TDS meter. Pada pengukuran konsentrasi 2 MST sebesar 554 ppm, pada 3 MST meningkat menjadi 657 ppm. Tingkat akurasi   menunjukkan performa cukup baik dengan rata-rata sebesar 89% pada 2 MST dan meningkat menjadi 91% pada 3 MST. Nilai Presisi meningkat dari 2 MST sebesar 13,58% menjadi 7,81% pada 3 MST, menunjukkan peningkatan konsistensi kinerja alat. Persentase kesalahan dalam pengukuran nutrisi rata-rata sebesar 11% pada 2 MST menurun menjadi 9,7% pada 3 MST. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa meskipun alat kontrol otomatis belum mencapai akurasi dan presisi, namun nilai kesalahan pengukuran berada dalam rentang 10-11% masih dapat ditoleransi dalam aplikasi hidroponik di lapangan, sehingga menjadikan sistem ini sebagai teknologi yang aplikatif dan berkontribusi dalam pengembangan smart farming. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya korelasi positif antara sensor TDS Mikrokontroler Arduino Uno R3 dengan TDS meter, dengan nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,56 pada 3 MST (Minggu Setelah Tanam) pada pertumbuhan tanaman pakcoy, yang mengindikasikan hubungan linier dengan trend berbanding lurus.


Keywords


Arduino UNO R3; hidroponik terapung; Mikrokontroler; AB Mix Nutrition; TDS.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jt.vol19n1.7

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