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Teka-Teki Poliandri: Kritik Antropologi atas Sosiobiologi
Abstract
Artikel ini membahas kritik yang berpotensi dikemukakan oleh Antropologi atas hakikat Sosiobiologi yang simplistik. Dengan mencuplik aneka ragam etnografi dari berbagai belahan dunia, penulis mengkaji berbagai pendekatan dan alasan dalam praktik poliandri, yang menurut Sosiobiologi semata-mata disebabkan oleh 'gen egois'. Penulis berargumen bahwa terlepas dari dorongan alamiah biologis untuk memastikan keberlangsungan gen, terdapat beragam faktor lainnya yang mendasari poliandri. Selagi menunjukkan bahaya pendekatan naturalisasi ilmu sosial untuk mengkaji poliandri, di saat bersamaan penulis juga skeptis dengan interpretivisme, karena keduanya berisiko menghasilkan reduksionisme. Penulis menawarkan semacam pendekatan materialis-historis dalam memahami fenomena poliandri serta menunjukkan bagaimana metode etnografi sebagai warisan disiplin ilmu Antropologi yang paling tersohor, cermat dan mendetail, memiliki sumbangan besar dalam upaya memahami masyarakat manusia yang kompleks.
Kata kunci: Antropologi, Sosiobiologi, Poliandri, Darwinisme
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/umbara.v1i1.9600
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