Visualisasi 3D Distribusi Potensial Listrik Akibat Konfigurasi Muatan Monopol, Dipol, dan Multipol Menggunakan Metode Finite Difference Berdasarkan Persamaan Poisson
Abstract
Persamaan Poisson merupakan bentuk diferensial dari Hukum Gauss yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan hubungan antara distribusi muatan dan potensial listrik yang dihasilkannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodelkan dan memvisualisasikan distribusi potensial listrik dari tiga konfigurasi muatan berbeda, yaitu monopol, dipol, dan konfigurasi multipol kompleks yang terdiri dari lebih dari lima muatan. Simulasi dilakukan melalui pendekatan numerik berbasis metode beda hingga pada domain dua dimensi.Visualisasi menunjukkan bahwa distribusi potensial sangat dipengaruhi oleh konfigurasi dan posisi relatif muatan, dengan karakteristik medan yang semakin kompleks seiring bertambahnya jumlah muatan. Pada kasus multipol, kompleksitas distribusi medan meningkat secara signifikan dan memperlihatkan pola-pola interferensi potensial yang khas. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode numerik dapat digunakan secara efektif untuk memahami fenomena distribusi potensial dalam sistem elektrostatik.
Kata kunci : persamaan poisson, potensial listrik, distribusi potensial, pendekatan numerik, elektrostatik
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jiif.v10i1.68486
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