Perbedaan kadar TNF-α saliva pada ibu hamil preeklamsia dan ibu hamil tidak preeklamsiaDifferences of the salivary TNF-α level in pregnant women with and without preeclampsia

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Beberapa teori menyebutkan penyakit periodontal dapat meningkatkan faktor resiko preeklamsia. Gingivitis dapat menyebabkan peningkatan kadar TNF-α saliva dan dapat mengakibatkan inflamasi sistemik yang memicu terjadinya preeklamsia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar TNF-α saliva dan derajat kesehatan gingiva pada ibu hamil preeklamsia dan ibu hamil tidak preeklamsia. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik korelatif. Populasi penelitian adalah ibu hamil yang datang ke Poli IGD dan Instalasi Rawat Inap Poli kebidanan RSMH Palembang. Teknik pengambilan sampel Consecutive Sampling dengan minimal sampel berjumlah 30 pasien. Sampel yang diperoleh 38 pasien yang terdiri dari 19 pasien ibu hamil preeklamsia dan 19 pasien ibu hamil tidak preeklamsia. Masing-masing disebut sebagai kelompok kasus dan kontrol. Sampel diambil berdasarkan kriteria eksklusi dan inklusi pada ibu hamil dengan skor indeks gingiva 3, kemudian dilakukan uji ELISA. Analisis statistik dengan uji parametrik Independent T-test. Hasil: Nilai kadar TNF-α saliva kelompok kasus 143,27±87,20 pg/ml dan kelompok kontrol 142,46±44,76 pg/ml, p=0.972. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara nilai kadar TNF-α saliva ibu hamil preeklamsia dan ibu hamil tidak preeklamsia.

Kata kunci: Preeklamsia, indeks gingiva, kadar TNF-α saliva.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Some theories suggest that periodontal disease can increase the risk factors for preeclampsia. Gingivitis can cause an increase in salivary TNF-α levels and can result in systemic inflammation that triggers preeclampsia. The purpose of this study was to determine differences of the salivary TNF-α level and the gingival health degree in pregnant women with and without preeclampsia. Methods: This study was correlative analytic. The study population was pregnant women who came to the emergency room unit and the obstetric inpatient clinic of Dr Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling with a minimum sample of 30 patients. The sample obtained was as much as 38 patients consisted of 19 pregnant women with preeclampsia and 19 pregnant women without preeclampsia. Each group was referred to as a case and control group. Samples were taken based on the exclusion and inclusion criteria in pregnant women with the gingival index score of 3; then an ELISA test was performed. Statistical analysis with independent t-test parametric test was performed to analyse all data obtained. Result: The value of salivary TNF-α in the case group was 143.27 ± 87.20 pg/ml, and the control group was 142.46 ± 44.76 pg/ml; p = 0.972. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the values of salivary TNF-α level in pregnant women with and without preeclampsia.

Keywords: Preeclampsia, gingival index, salivary TNF- α level.