Daya hambat ekstrak metanol nanas, belimbing wuluh, dan kemangi terhadap Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175Inhibitory potential of methanolic extract of pineapple, wuluh starfruit, and basil towards Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Karies merupakan suatu penyakit infeksi dimana terjadi proses demineralisasi progresif pada jaringan keras gigi. Proses demineralisasi gigi dipengaruhi oleh pH asam pada mulut yang disebabkan oleh Streptococcus mutans. Tujuan peneltian adalah untuk menguji daya hambat dari ekstrak metanol nanas, belimbing wuluh, dan kemangi terhadap Streptococcus mutans sebagai bakteri yang berperan dalam proses pembentukan plak serta karies gigi. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan cara meneteskan ekstrak metanol nanas, belimbing wuluh, dan kemangi, serta ekstrak kombinasi ketiganya yang telah diencerkan dengan pelarut Dimetil Sulfoksida (DMSO) ke dalam lubang sumuran pada lempeng agar Mueller Hinton yang telah ditanami Streptococcus mutans. Bakteri uji berupa Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 yang diperiksa secara mikroskopis, ditanam pada lempeng agar Muller Hinton dan inkubasi dalam suasana fakultatif anaerob pada suhu 37OC selama 24 jam. Konsentrasi ekstrak yang diuji adalah 20.000 ppm, 10.000 ppm. 5.000 ppm, dan 1.000 ppm. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak metanol nanas, belimbing wuluh, dan kemangi memiliki daya hambat terhadap Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Simpulan: Daya hambat yang terjadi pada bakteri disebabkan oleh kandungan zat aktif yang dimiliki nanas, belimbing wuluh, dan kemangi seperti enzim bromelain, flavonoid, tanin, alkaloid, triterpenoid, dan saponin.

Kata kunci: Streptococcus mutans, nanas, Ananas comosus, belimbing wuluh, Averrhoa bilimbi, kemangi, Ocimum tenuiflorum, uji daya hambat.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Caries is an infectious disease in which there is a progressive demineralization process in hard teeth. The demineralization process of teeth is affected by acid pH in the mouth caused by Streptococcus mutans. The aim of the study was to examine the inhibitory potential of methanol extract of pineapple, starfruit and basil to Streptococcus mutans as bacteria that play a role in the process of plaque formation and dental caries. Methods: The study was carried out experimentally by dripping the methanol extract of pineapple, starfruit and basil, and the combination of the three extracts which had been diluted with Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent into the well hole on the agar plate of Mueller Hinton which had been planted with Streptococcus mutans. Test bacteria in the form of ATCC 25175 Streptococcus mutans were examined microscopically, planted on Muller Hinton agar plate and incubated in anaerobic facultative atmosphere at 37OC for 24 hours. The concentration of extract tested was 20,000 ppm, 10,000 ppm. 5,000 ppm, and 1,000 ppm. Result: The results showed that the methanol extract of pineapple, starfruit and basil had inhibitory potential against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Conclusion: The inhibitory potential that occurs in bacteria is caused by the active substance possessed by pineapple, starfruit, and basil such as bromelain enzyme, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and saponins.

Keywords: Streptococcus mutans, pineapple, Ananas comosus, starfruit, Averrhoa bilimbi, basil, Ocimum tenuiflorum, inhibitory test.