Perawatan rekurensi HSV-1 dan eritema multiforme yang dipicu oleh kapsaisin yang terkandung dalam cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens)
Treatment of HSV-1 recurrence and erythema multiforme triggered by capsaicin of tabasco pepper (Capsicum frutescens)
Abstract
Pendahuluan: Eritema multiforme (EM) adalah suatu kondisi mukokutaneus akut sebagai akibat reaksi hipersensitifitas dengan berbagai etiologi, salah satu pencetusnya disebabkan oleh zat adiktif pada cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens). Cabai rawit memiliki zat aktif yang dinamakan kapsaisin. Rangsangan kapsaisin pada neuron yang terinfeksi herpes simplex virus-1 laten menyebabkan reaktivasi. Kapsaisin sebagai zat pemberi rasa pada makanan harus menjadi perhatian karena panas yang ditimbulkan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya eritema multiforme. Tujuan dari pembuatan laporan kasus ini adalah melaporkan hasil perawatan rekurensi HSV-1 dan eritema multiforme yang dipicu oleh kapsaisin yang terkandung dalam cabai rawit. Laporan kasus: Seorang wanita berusia 50 tahun, datang ke instalasi Ilmu Penyakit Mulut Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Universitas Padjadjaran (RSGM Unpad) dengan keluhan terdapat luka di bibir kiri bawah sejak 1 bulan sebelumnya dan belum sembuh. Luka pada bibir ini terjadi untuk yang kedua kalinya. Pasien memiliki kebiasaan mengkonsumsi cabai rawit berlebihan dalam makanannya. Pemeriksaan ekstra oral mendapatkan lesi pada bibir bawah kiri berupa krusta sanguinolenta dengan tendensi perdarahan, bibir atas dan bawah kering serta eksfoliatif. Pemeriksaan intra oral tidak menemukan lesi di rongga mulut. Hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium menunjukkan peningkatan nilai anti HSV-1 IgG dan IgE. Terapi non farmakologis yang diberikan yaitu oral hygiene instructions dan menghindari makanan pedas/cabai rawit; serta terapi farmakologis berupa kompres NaCl 0,9%, asiklovir oral dan krim hidrokortison 1%. Kunjungan ke-3 lesi pada bibir pasien sudah sembuh. Simpulan: Terapi non farmakologis berupa oral hygiene instructions dan menghindari makanan pedas/cabai rawit serta terapi farmakologis berupa kompres NaCl 0,9%, asiklovir oral dan krim hidrokortison 1% dapat menyembuhkan pasien dengan rekurensi HSV-1 dan eritema multiforme yang dipicu oleh kapsaisin yang terkandung dalam cabai rawit.
Kata kunci: Cabai rawit, kapsaisin, HSV-1, eritema multiforme.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute mucocutaneous condition as a result of hypersensitivity reactions with various etiologies, one of which is caused by an addictive substance on tabasco pepper (Capsicum frutescens). Tabasco pepper has an active substance called capsaicin. Stimulation of capsaicin in neurons infected with latent herpes simplex virus-1 causes reactivation. Capsaicin as a food-flavouring agent must be a concern because the heat generated can cause erythema multiforme. The purpose of this case report was to report the results of the treatment of HSV-1 recurrence and erythema multiforme triggered by capsaicin of tabasco pepper. Case report: A 50-year-old woman came to the Oral Medicine Installation of Universitas Padjadjaran Dental Hospital (RSGM Unpad) with a complaining a wound on the lower left lip since the previous month and had not healed since. This lip injury occurred the second time. Patients have a habit of consuming excessive tabasco pepper in every meal. An extraoral examination found lesions on the left lower lip in the form of sanguinolent crust with a tendency to bleed, upper and lower lip dry and exfoliative. An intraoral examination found no lesions in the oral cavity. Laboratory tests showed an increase in anti-HSV-1 IgG and IgE values. Non-pharmacological therapies given were oral hygiene instructions and avoiding spicy foods/tabasco pepper, and pharmacological treatment in the form of 0.9% NaCl compress, oral acyclovir, and 1% hydrocortisone cream. In the 3rd visit, the lesion on the patient's lips has healed. Conclusion: Non-pharmacological therapy in the form of oral hygiene instructions and avoiding spicy foods/tabasco pepper as well as pharmacological treatment in the form of 0.9% NaCl compress, oral acyclovir, and 1% hydrocortisone cream able to cure patients with HSV-1 recurrence and erythema multiforme triggered by capsaicin of tabasco pepper.
Keywords: Tabasco pepper, capsaicin, HSV-1, erythema multiforme.
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jkg.v31i3.23843
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