Pendahuluan: Karies gigi merupakan penyakit infeksi pada jaringan keras gigi dengan prevalensi yang tinggi pada masyarakat. Pasien diabetes melitus (DM) kronis dan tidak terkontrol memiliki predisposisi untuk pembentukan karies gigi. Karies gigi disebabkan berbagai faktor, diantaranya bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola bakteri pada karies gigi pasien diabetes mellitus. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan consecutive sampling. Sampel penelitian diambil dari swab karies gigi pasien diabetes melitus yang berobat di Poli Penyakit Dalam RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau. Spesimen plak gigi diisolasi, dikultur, dan diidentifikasi di laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan laboratorium Sentral FK UNRI. Data ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi dan dinyatakan dalam presentase. Hasil: Pola bakteri pada karies gigi pasien diabetes melitus adalah gram positif berupa Streptococcus sp (26,3%), Staphylococcus areus (5,3%) dan CNS (15,8%) sedangkan gram negatif berupa Escherichia coli (10,53%) dan Klebsiella sp (42,10%). Dari hasil uji PCR didapatkan Streptococccus mutans (40%). Simpulan: Pola bakteri pada plak karies gigi pasien diabetes mellitus untuk Gram positif terbanyak berupa Streptococcus sp sedangkan Gram negatif berupa Klebsiella sp.
Kata kunci: Diabetes melitus, karies gigi, pola bakteri.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Dental caries is an infectious disease in hard tooth tissue that has a high prevalence in the community. Patients with chronic and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) predispose to the formation of dental caries. Various factors, including bacteria, cause dental caries. This study was aimed to determine the bacterial pattern in dental caries of DM patients. Methods: This was an experimental laboratory study. The sample was taken from dental caries swab of DM patients in the Internal Medicine Polyclinic of Arifin Achmad Regional Hospital, Riau Province. Dental plaque specimens were isolated, cultured, and identified in the Microbiology laboratory and the Central laboratory of FK UNRI. Data is presented in the form of a frequency distribution table and expressed in percentages. Results: The bacterial pattern in dental caries of DM patients were Gram-positive with details of Streptococcus sp (26.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (5.3%) and CNS (15.8%) while Gram-negative with details of Escherichia coli (10.53%) and Klebsiella sp (42.10%). From the PCR test results, 2 cases of Streptococcus mutants were identified. Conclusion: Bacterial pattern on dental caries plaque of DM patients for the most positive Gram was Streptococcus sp while Gram-negative was Klebsiella sp.
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