Efektivitas air perasan pulpa kakao 50% dalam membersihkan smear layer pada dinding saluran akar gigi The effectiveness of 50% cocoa pulp juice on removing smear layer of root canal dentin

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Smear layer merupakan lapisan tipis berisi substansi organik dan anorganik yang keberadaannya dapat menghalangi penetrasi medikamen ke tubuli dentin, sehingga harus dihilangkan dengan bahan irigasi saluran akar yaitu EDTA 17%. Bahan alami yang dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif dalam membersihkan smear layer pada dinding saluran akar adalah air perasan pulpa kakao 50% karena mengandung berbagai senyawa asam dan saponin. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis kemampuan air perasan pulpa kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) 50% dalam membersihkan smear layer pada dinding saluran akar Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian experimental laboratoris dengan rancangan penelitian the posttest only control group design. Terdapat dua kelompok uji yaitu air perasan pulpa kakao 50% dan EDTA 17%, masing-masing adalah 4 buah. Sampel yang digunakan adalah gigi insisif sapi yang direndam dalam larutan salin. Sampel dipotong mahkotanya setinggi servikal gigi dan di preparasi saluran akarnya dengan teknik konvensional menggunakan file no 45-80 dengan panjang kerja 21 mm, dirigasi dengan air perasan pulpa kakao 50% dan EDTA 17% tiap pergantian instrumen. Bagian yang diamati dengan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 2000x adalah 1/3 tengah akar gigi bukal. Hasil pemotretan SEM dilakukan perhitungan skor menurut sistem skoring Hülsmann dan dilakukan analisis data dengan uji statistik Mann Whitney U Test. Hasil: Hasil penelitian dan analisis data didapatkan p=0,495 yang menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara keduanya. Kedua kelompok memiliki rerata skor 2 yang artinya sebagian orifis tubuli dentin terbuka dan terdapat sedikit smear layer. Simpulan: Air perasan pulpa kakao 50% mampu membersihkan smear layer saluran akar yang sebanding/setara dengan EDTA 17%.

Kata kunci: air perasan pulpa kakao; bahan irigasi saluran akar; smear layer

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Smear layer is a thin layer containing organic and inorganic substances whose presence can prevent the penetration of the medicament into the dentinal tubules, so it must be removed with root canal irrigation material, namely 17% EDTA. Natural ingredients that can be used to clean the smear layer on the root canal wall are 50% cocoa pulp juice because it contains various acidic compounds and saponins. Therefore, the study aimed to analyze the ability of 50% cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) pulp juice to clean the smear layer on the root canal walls. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory study with the posttest only control group design. There were two test groups, namely 50% cocoa pulp juice and 17% EDTA, which were four pieces. The sample used was a bovine incisor immersed in a saline solution. The samples were crowned at the teeth' cervical level, and the root canals were prepared using conventional techniques using file no. 45-80 with a working length of 21 mm, irrigated with 50% cocoa pulp juice and 17% EDTA at each instrument change. The part observed with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 2000x was the middle 1/3 of the buccal tooth root. The results of the SEM observation were calculated according to the Hülsmann scoring system, and data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney U Test statistical test. Results: The results of the study and data analysis obtained p = 0.495, which indicates that there is no significant difference between the two. Both groups had a mean score of 2, meaning that most of the dentinal tubular orifices are open, and there is a thin smear layer. Conclusions: 50% cocoa pulp juice was able to clean the root canal smear layer, equivalent to 17% EDTA.

Keywords: cocoa pulp juice; root canal irrigation agents; smear layer