Hubungan bentuk lengkung gigi dan gejala gangguan sendi rahang      Relationship between dental arch form and temporomandibular joint disorders symptoms

Febe Gracewitha Tampubolon; Ervina Sofyanti

doi:10.24198/jkg.v34i1.35002

Hubungan bentuk lengkung gigi dan gejala gangguan sendi rahang

Relationship between dental arch form and temporomandibular joint disorders symptoms

Febe Gracewitha Tampubolon, Ervina Sofyanti

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Maloklusi dan gangguan sendi rahang merupakan kelainan pada rongga mulut bersifat multifaktorial dan telah dilaporkan memiliki keterkaitan. Maloklusi terjadi karena ketidaksesuaian panjang lengkung rahang dan panjang lengkung gigi. Maloklusi merupakan salah satu penyebab timbulnya gangguan pada sendi rahang (TMD) dengan gejala dan/atau tanda klinis yang bervariasi. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis hubungan antara bentuk lengkung gigi dan gejala TMD pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Sumatera Utara. Metode: Jenis penelitian cross sectional menggunakan kuesioner dan model studi. Pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling berasal dari prosedur pencetakan gigi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi yang meliputi karakteristik berikut: Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Sumatera Utara, usia 17-25 tahun dengan gigi permanen lengkap sampai molar kedua dan belum pernah mendapat perawatan ortodonti. Hasil: Hasil uji Chi-square dari 17 model gigi subjek perempuan dan 13 subjek laki-laki menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara lengkung gigi atas (p=0,953) dan bawah (p=0,828) pada subjek penelitian dengan TMD. Simpulan: Gejala TMD tidak berkaitan dengan variasi bentuk lengkung gigi pada subjek dengan gigi geligi lengkap. Namun, penelitian lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan pemeriksaan tanda klinis gangguan sendi rahang, karakteristik maloklusi, serta adanya kebiasaan buruk.

Kata kunci: bentuk lengkung gigi; gejala; gangguan sendi rahang

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Malocclusion and temporomandibular joint disorders are multifactorial disorders of the oral cavity and have been reported to have an association. Malocclusion occurs because of the disharmony of the length of the jaw arch and the dental arch. Malocclusion is one of the causes of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) with various clinical symptoms and signs. The purpose of the study was to analyse the relationship between dental arch form and temporomandibular joint disorders symptoms in undergraduate students of the Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Sumatera Utara. Methods: This type of research was cross-sectional using a questionnaire and a study model. Purposive sampling was taken from the dental impression procedure based on the inclusion criteria, including the following characteristics: undergraduate students of the Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Sumatera Utara; aged 17-25 years with complete permanent teeth up to the second molar; had never received orthodontic treatment. Results: The chi-square test results of 17 female and 13 male subjects showed no significant relationship between the upper (p=0.953) and lower (p=0.828) dental arches in the study subjects with TMD. Conclusions: TMD symptoms were not associated with variations in the dental arch form in subjects with complete dentition. However, further research needs to be done by considering the examination of clinical signs of jaw joint disorders, characteristics of malocclusion, and the presence of bad habits.

Keywords: dental arch form; symptom; temporomandibular joint disorders

Keywords

bentuk lengkung gigi; gejala; gangguan sendi rahang; dental arch form; symptom; temporomandibular disorders

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jkg.v34i1.35002