Perbandingan daya antibakteri serat selulosa sabut kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) pada konsentrasi berbeda terhadap Streptococcus mutans

Comparison of the antibacterial power of coconut cellulose fiber (Cocos nucifera L.) at different concentrations against Streptococcus mutans

Sinta Puspita, Diana Soesilo, Linda Rochyani, Twi Agnita Cevanti

Abstract


Pendahuluan: Kelemahan dari komposit konvensional adalah terjadinya shrinkage dan stress polimerisasi. Penggunaan serat sebagai bahan pengisi pada resin komposit dapat menurunkan kontraksi polimerisasi. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya serat sabut kelapa memiliki daya antibakteri yang cukup baik karena mengandung golongan senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu tanin, flavonoid, dan polifenol. Selain itu juga memiliki beberapa senyawa, antara lain asam elagat, asam galat, epikatekin, dan katekin yang juga diperkirakan memiliki aktivitas sebagai anti bakteri. Serat sabut kelapa tidak dapat digunakan secara langsung dalam bentuk aslinya sehingga dibutuhkan modifikasi untuk membersihkan serat. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis perbandingan daya antibakteri serat selulosa sabut kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) pada konsentrasi berbeda terhadap S. mutans. Metode: Jenis penelitian true experimental dengan desain penelitian posttest only control design. Ekstraksi serat selulosa dari sabut kelapa melalui proses bleaching kemudian sintesis selulosa menggunakan NaOH dan urea selanjutnya di nukleasi dengan etanol sebagai anti solvent organik dan dikeringkan dengan proses sublimasi. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode sumur difusi dengan dua konsentrasi uji yaitu kelompok 1 menggunakan anti solvent etanol 70% dan, pada kelompok 2 menggunakan etanol 96%. Kontrol negatif menggunakan aquadest steril. Selanjutnya diamati dan diukur diameter zona hambat dengan jangka sorong. Data yang diperoleh diuji statistik menggunakan independent t-test. Hasil: Daya antibakteri kelompok sampel yang diberi perlakuan etanol 96% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok sampel etanol 70%.  Hasil uji independent t-test menunjukkan bahwa nilai p yang signifikan p=0,000<0,05, Simpulan: Serat sabut kelapa yang diberi etanol dengan konsentrasi 96% terbukti memiliki daya antibakteri yang lebih tinggi daripada yang diberi etanol dengan konsentrasi 70%.

Kata kunci: daya antibakteri; serat sabut kelapa; Streptococcus mutans

 

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The weakness of conventional composites is the occurrence of shrinkage and polymerisation stress. The use of fiber as a filler in composite resins can reduce polymerisation contraction. Based on previous research, coconut fiber has good antibacterial properties because it contains a class of secondary metabolites, namely tannins, flavonoids, and polyphenols. In addition, it also has several compounds, including ellagic acid, gallic acid, epicatechins and catechins which are also thought to have antibacterial activity. However, coconut fiber cannot be used directly in its original form so modifications are needed to clean the fiber. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial power of coconut cellulose (Cocos nucifera L.) fibers at different concentrations against S. mutans. Methods: This type of research is true experimental with posttest only control design. Extraction of cellulose fiber from coconut fiber through a bleaching process and then synthesis of cellulose using NaOH and urea then nucleated with ethanol as an organic anti-solvent and dried by sublimation process. The antibacterial activity was tested using the diffusion well method with two test concentrations, namely group 1 using 70% ethanol anti-solvent and, in group 2 using 96% ethanol. Negative control using sterile distilled water. Then observed and measured the diameter of the inhibition zone with a caliper. The data obtained were statistically tested using independent t-test. Results: The antibacterial power of the sample group that was treated with ethanol was 96% higher than that of the 70% ethanol sample group. The results of the independent t-test obtained the p-value of p=0.000; p<0.05. Conclusion: Coconut fiber which was given ethanol with a concentration of 96%, proved to have higher antibacterial power than that given ethanol with a concentration of 70%.

Keywords: antibacterial activity; coconut fiber; Streptococcus mutans


Keywords


daya antibakteri; serat sabut kelapa; Streptococcus mutans; antibacterial activity; coconut fiber

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jkg.v34i1.35076

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