Hubungan kemampuan mastikasi pemakai gigi tiruan lengkap dengan kekuatan gigit, ketebalan musculus masseter, kemampuan kognitif, dan kualitas hidup lansia   Relationship between the masticatory ability of complete denture wearers with bite force, thickness of muscle masseter, cognitive function, and quality of life in elderly

Johni Halim; Suzan Elias; Tri Erri Astoeti; Wita Anggraini

doi:10.24198/jkg.v33i3.35336

Hubungan kemampuan mastikasi pemakai gigi tiruan lengkap dengan kekuatan gigit, ketebalan musculus masseter, kemampuan kognitif, dan kualitas hidup lansia
Relationship between the masticatory ability of complete denture wearers with bite force, thickness of muscle masseter, cognitive function, and quality of life in elderly

Johni Halim, Suzan Elias, Tri Erri Astoeti, Wita Anggraini

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Lansia adalah kelompok masyarakat berusia di atas 60 tahun dan mengalami proses penuaan yang disertai dengan beberapa perubahan seperti perubahan fisiologis, rongga mulut, psikologis, maupun sosial. Kehilangan gigi seluruh merupakan salah satu contoh perubahan rongga mulut yang terjadi dan dapat ditatalaksana dengan menggunakan gigi tiruan lengkap (GTL) yang berfungsi untuk memperbaiki fungsi estetik, mastikasi, dan fonetik. Kemampuan mastikasi merupakan hal yang penting karena berhubungan dengan kekuatan gigit, ketebalan M. masseter, kemampuan kognitif, dan kualitas hidup pada lansia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan kemampuan mastikasi pemakai gigi tiruan lengkap dengan kekuatan gigit, ketebalan M. masseter, kemampuan kognitif, dan kualitas hidup pada lansia. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik secara cross sectional dengan menggunakan kuesioner Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) untuk menilai kemampuan kognitif, kuesioner Oral Health Impact Profile for Edentulous (OHIP-EDENT) untuk menilai kualitas hidup, masticatory performance evaluating gum untuk menilai kemampuan mastikasi, alat ultrasound portable untuk menilai ketebalan M.masseter, alat flexiforce untuk menilai kekuatan gigit. Total responden yang terlibat sebanyak 62 lansia. Hasil: Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan uji Pearson menunjukkan hubungan antara kemampuan mastikasi pemakai gigi tiruan lengkap dengan kekuatan gigit (r=0,914), ketebalan M. masseter (r=0,783), kemampuan kognitif (r=0,791), dan kualitas hidup (r=0,909) dan dengan Spearman’s rho didapatkan nilai p=0,01 dimana nilai p<0,05 yang menunjukkan hubungan signifikan. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara kemampuan mastikasi pemakai gigi tiruan lengkap dengan kekuatan gigit, ketebalan musculus masseter, kemampuan kognitif dan kualitas hidup lansia.

Kata kunci: Lanjut usia; kemampuan mastikasi; kekuatan gigit; ketebalan musculus masseter; kemampuan kognitif; kualitas hidup; gigi tiruan lengkap

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The elderly are a group of people aged over 60 years and experience the ageing process accompanied by several changes such as physiological, oral, psychological, and social changes. Complete tooth loss is an example of changes in the oral cavity and can be managed using complete dentures to improve aesthetic, masticatory, and phonetic functions. Masticatory ability is essential because it is related to bite force, the thickness of muscle masseter, cognitive ability, and quality of life in the elderly. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between complete denture wearers' masticatory ability with bite force, the thickness of muscle masseter, cognitive function, and quality of life in the elderly. Methods: This research was an analytical observational cross-sectional method using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire to assess cognitive ability, the Oral Health Impact Profile for Edentulous (OHIP-EDENT) questionnaire to assess the quality of life, masticatory performance evaluating gum to assess mastication ability, portable ultrasound device to assess the thickness of muscle masseter, and flexiforce device to assess bite force. The total respondents involved were 62 elderly people. Results: The results of the study using the Pearson test showed a relationship between the masticatory ability of complete denture wearers with biting force (r=0.914), the thickness of muscle masseter (r=0.783), cognitive ability (r=0.791), and quality of life (r= 0.909) and with Spearman's rho p-value=0.01 where p-value<0.05 which indicates a significant relationship. Conclusions: There is a relationship between the masticatory ability of complete denture wearers with bite force, the thickness of muscle masseter, cognitive ability, and quality of life in the elderly.

Keywords: Elderly; masticatory ability; bite force; thickness of musculus masseter; cognitive function; quality of life; complete denture

Keywords

Lanjut usia; kemampuan mastikasi; kekuatan gigit; ketebalan musculus masseter; kemampuan kognitif; kualitas hidup; gigi tiruan lengkap; Elderly; masticatory ability; bite force; thickness of musculus masseter; cognitive function; quality of life; complete

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jkg.v33i3.35336