Karakteristik kasus bedah mulut dan maksilofasial di RSGM Unpad sebelum dan selama pandemi COVID-19: Studi retrospektif

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Pendahuluan: Pandemi COVID-19 telah berdampak pada sistem kesehatan di seluruh dunia. Penularan COVID-19 yang terjadi melalui kontak, aerosol, droplet, fomite membuat dokter gigi termasuk dokter gigi spesialis bedah mulut dan maksilofasial, memiliki resiko tinggi terinfeksi COVID-19. Pemerintah Indonesia mengeluarkan kebijakan PSBB (Pembatasan Sosial Skala Besar) dan PPKM (Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat) dalam pengendalian penyebaran COVID-19. Hasil beberapa penelitian, peraturan di beberapa negara seperti karantina kewilayahan atau lockdown, mempunyai dampak terhadap kasus bedah mulut dan maksilo maksilofasial. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan informasi ilmiah mengenai karakteristik kasus bedah mulut dan maksilofasial sebelum dan selama pandemi di RSGM Unpad. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi retrospektif deskriptif menggunakan data sekunder berupa rekam medis pada Maret 2018 hingga Februari 2022 di Poli Paviliun RSGM Unpad. Data yang diambil usia, jenis kelamin, diagnosis, dan tatalaksana. Teknik pengambilan sampel simple random sampling dengan pembobotan. Hasil: Jumlah kunjungan sebelum pandemi 264 (45,83%), selama pandemi 312 (54,17%). Jenis kelamin pasien sebelum pandemi: laki-laki 115 (43,56%), perempuan 149 (56,44%) dan selama pandemi: laki-laki 119 (38,14%), perempuan 193 (61,86%).  Kategori usia terbanyak sebelum pandemi yaitu dewasa 86 (32,58%) selama pandemi yaitu remaja 124 (39.74%). Kasus terbanyak sebelum dan selama pandemi yaitu impaksi gigi (sebelum 40,53%, selama 47,12%). Jenis tatalaksana terbanyak sebelum pandemi yaitu ekstraksi gigi (33,33%), sedangkan selama pandemi yaitu odontektomi (31,41%). Simpulan: Jumlah kunjungan selama pandemi lebih banyak daripada sebelum pandemi. Kasus terbanyak sebelum dan selama pandemi impaksi gigi, kontrol pasca operasi, abses rongga mulut. Tatalaksana terbanyak sebelum dan selama pandemi diantaranya ekstraksi gigi, odontektomi, konsultasi dokter gigi spesialis.

Kata kunci: Virus Corona, Pandemi COVID-19, pembatasan kegiatan, kasus bedah mulut dan maksilofasial, rumah sakit gigi dan mulut.

Characteristic of oral maxillofacial surgery cases in RSGM Unpad before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Retrospective Study

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted health systems around the world. Transmission of COVID-19 that occurs through contact, aerosols, droplets, fomites makes dentists, including dentists specializing in oral and maxillofacial surgery, have a high risk of being infected with COVID-19. The Indonesian government issued PSBB (Large Scale Social Restrictions) and PPKM (Enforcement of Restrictions on Community Activities) policies in controlling the spread of COVID-19. The results of several studies, regulations in several countries such as regional quarantine or lockdown, have an impact on cases of oral and maxillofacial surgery. This study aims to provide scientific information about the characteristics of oral and maxillofacial surgery cases before and during the pandemic at RSGM Unpad. Methods: This study used a descriptive retrospective study method using secondary data in the form of medical records from March 2018 to February 2022 at the Pavilion Poly of RSGM Unpad. Data taken age, gender, diagnosis, and management. Simple random sampling technique with weighting. Results: The number of visits before the pandemic was 264 (45.83%), during the pandemic 312 (54.17%). Gender of patients before the pandemic: male 115 (43.56%), female 149 (56.44%) and during the pandemic: male 119 (38.14%), female 193 (61.86%).  The most common age category before the pandemic was adults 86 (32.58%) during the pandemic was adolescents 124 (39.74%). The most common case before and during the pandemic was tooth impaction (before 40.53%, during 47.12%). The most common type of management before the pandemic was tooth extraction (33.33%), while during the pandemic was odontectomy (31.41%). Conclusion: The number of visits during the pandemic was more than before the pandemic. Most cases before and during the pandemic were tooth impaction, postoperative control, oral abscess. The most common treatments before and during the pandemic included tooth extraction, odontectomy, specialist dentist consultation.

Keywords: Corona virus, COVID-19 pandemic, activity restriction, oral and maxillofacial surgery cases, dental hospital