Karakteristik kasus di Instalasi Gawat Darurat Rumah Sakit Gigi Dan Mulut sebelum dan selama pandemi COVID-19: observasional deskriptif

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Pendahuluan: Pandemi COVID-19 berdampak pada mobilitas dan pelayanan kesehatan di Indonesia. Regulasi pemerintah terutama untuk pelayanan kesehatan gigi yaitu hanya menerima pasien emergensi saja, bahkan beberapa negara menggunakan teledentistry untuk mengurangi risiko penularan lewat aerosol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik kasus di Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) sebelum dan selama pandemi COVID-19. Metode: Penelitian observasional deskriptif melalui teknik total sampling dari data sekunder seluruh rekam medis pasien di IGD Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Unpad Bandung periode 2018-2022. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data pasien dengan diagnosis penyakit, terapi, usia, dan jenis kelamin. Hasil: Pasien sebelum pandemi COVID-19  berjumlah 392 orang dengan diagnosis terbanyak  adalah Gingivitis Kronis 123 (31,4%) kasus; dan Pulpitis Reversible 59 (15,1%). Selama pandemi COVID-19 jumlah pasien 136 dengan diagnosis terbanyak adalah Cleft Lip and Palate 33 orang (24,3%) kasus; dan Abses Mulut 17 (12,5%) kasus. Jenis kelamin perempuan (50,9%) lebih banyak mengunjungi IGD sebelum pandemi, sedangkan kunjungan laki-laki (62,5%) selama pandemi. Jenis tindakan berjumlah 593 dengan usia terbanyak 20 hingga 60 tahun. Simpulan: Jumlah kunjungan pasien IGD RSGM Unpad lebih banyak sebelum pandemi dengan jenis kelamin perempuan, dan kasus terbanyak Gingivitis Kronis serta Pulpitis Reversible. Selama pandemi jenis kasus terbanyak Cleft Lip and Palate dan Abses Mulut.

Kata kunci: Instalasi gawat darurat, pandemi COVID-19, pulpitis, fraktur dentoalveolar.

Characteristic of cases in emergency room RSGM Unpad before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: descriptive observational

ABSTRACT

Introduction :The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on mobility and health services in Indonesia. Government regulations, especially for dental health services, include only accepting emergency patients, and some countries even use teledentistry to reduce the risk of transmission via aerosols. This study aims to determine the characteristics of cases in the Emergency Room at RSGM Unpad before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A descriptive observational study using a total sampling technique from secondary data on all medical records of patients at the Dental and Oral Hospital Emergency Room, Unpad Bandung, for the 2018-2022 period. The data collected was in the form of patient data with disease diagnoses, therapy, age, and gender. Results: Patients before the COVID-19 pandemic totaled 392 people with the most diagnoses being Chronic Gingivitis 123 (31.4%) cases; and Reversible Pulpitis 59 (15.1%). During the COVID-19 pandemic the number of patients was 136 with the most diagnoses being Cleft Lip and Palate 33 people (24.3%) cases; and Mouth Abscess in 17 (12.5%) cases. Females (50.9%) visited the emergency room more before the pandemic, while males (62.5%) visited during the pandemic. Totaled therapy 593 was given with the most age being 20 to 60 years. Conclusion: The number of visits by Emergency Room patients at RSGM Unpad was higher before the pandemic, with the female gender, and the highest cases of Chronic Gingivitis and Reversible Pulpitis. During the pandemic, the most common types of cases were Cleft Lip and Palate and Mouth Abscess.

Keywords: emergency unit, pandemic COVID-19, pulpitis, fracture dentoalveolar.