Perbedaan efek penambahan hidroksiapatit pada bahan basis gigi tiruan resin akrilik polimerisasi panas terhadap kekerasan permukaan: studi eksperimental laboratoris

Rasbina Anggriani Sembiring, Eddy Dahar

Abstract


Pendahuluan: Bahan basis gigi tiruan yang paling sering digunakan adalah resin akrilik polimerisasi panas (RAPP), namun RAPP memiliki kekerasan permukaan yang rendah sehingga mudah terjadinya abrasi. Abrasi dapat menjadi tempat penumpukan debris dan mikroorganisme. Kekerasan permukaan dapat ditingkatkan dengan menambahkan hidroksiapatit. Hidroksiapatit berikatan secara mekanis dan mengisi celah dalam matriks polimer. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis perbedaan efek penambahan hidroksiapatit pada bahan basis gigi tiruan RAPP terhadap kekerasan permukaan. Metode: Rancangan penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratoris dengan desain posttest-only control group design. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu RAPP berukuran 30x5 mm (ISO 1567:1999) sebanyak 45 sampel yang terdiri dari 5 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol, kelompok penambahan hidroksiapatit 2%, 3%, 4% dan 5%. Setiap sampel diuji dengan Vicker Hardness Tester untuk mengetahui nilai kekerasan permukaan. Hasil: Hasil uji oneway-ANOVA menunjukkan adanya pengaruh penambahan hidroksiapatit 2%, 3%, 4% dan 5% pada bahan basis gigi tiruan RAPP terhadap kekerasan permukaan dengan nilai p=0,001 (p<0,05). Pada hasil uji LSD terlihat perbedaan bermakna terhadap kekerasan permukaan antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok penambahan hidroksiapatit 2%, 3%, 4% dan 5% serta pada setiap kelompok penambahan hidroksiapatit 2%, 3%, 4% dan 5% dengan nilai p=0,001 (p<0,05). Simpulan: Basis gigi tiruan RAPP dengan penambahan hidroksiapatit 2%, 3%, 4% dan 5% memiliki nilai diatas nilai standar kekerasan permukaan RAPP (15-18 VHN) dengan nilai tertinggi pada penambahan hidroksiapatit 5% sehingga hidroksiapatit dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan penguat pada basis gigi tiruan RAPP untuk mencegah terjadinya abrasi yang dapat menjadi tempat perlekatan mikroorganisme.

 

The Effect of hydroxyapatite addition on surface hardness in heat-cured acrylic resin denture base material: a experimental laboratory

 

Introduction: The most prevalent denture base material is heat-polymerized acrylic resin (HCAR), however, HCAR exhibits low surface hardness and is susceptible to abrasion. Abrasion facilitates the accumulation of debris and microorganisms. The surface hardness can be enhanced through the addition of hydroxyapatite Hydroxyapatite Mechanically binds in the polymer matrix. The purpose of this study was to analyze  the effect of adding hydroxyapatite to HCAR denture base material on surface hardness. Method: The design of this study was an experimental laboratory with post-test only control group design. The samples used were 45 HCAR samples-sized 30x5 mm (ISO 1567:1999) consisting of 5 groups: control group, hydroxyapatite addition of 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%. Each sample tested using Vicker Hardness Tester to determine the surface hardness value. Results: The results of oneway-ANOVA test showed the effect of adding 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% hydroxyapatite to the HCAR denture base material on surface hardness with value p=0.001 (p<0.05). The LSD test showed significant differences in surface hardness between the control group and the 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% hydroxyapatite addition groups and in each group of 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% hydroxyapatite addition with value p=0.001 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The HCAR denture base with the addition of 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% hydroxyapatite has values above standard value of HCAR surface hardness (15-18 VHN) with the highest value at 5% hydroxyapatite so hydroxyapatite can be utilized as reinforcing material of HCAR denture base to prevent abrasion which which causes microorganism attachment.


Keywords


resin akrilik polimerisasi panas, hidroksiapatit, kekerasan permukaan

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jkg.v37i1.60110

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