Hubungan karies gigi dengan kualitas hidup pada anak usia Sekolah Dasar: studi cross-sectional

Lisa May Nanda, Rita Endriani, Dewi Anggraini, Agung Tri Prakoso, Elita Rafni

Abstract


Pendahuluan: Karies gigi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang umum terjadi di dunia dan dapat memengaruhi kualitas hidup anak. Berdasarkan data WHO melaporkan prevalensi karies gigi pada anak sekolah di dunia mencapai 60–90%. Prevalensi karies gigi di Indonesia berdasarkan Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023 dilaporkan mencapai 82,8%. Sementara itu Riskesdas 2018 melaporkan bahwa prevalensi karies gigi pada anak di Indonesia mencapai 88,8% dengan tingkat karies tertinggi pada kelompok usia 5-9 tahun dan 10-14 tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara karies gigi dengan kualitas hidup pada anak di SDN 004 Teratak Buluh. Metode: jenis penelitian adalah observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah stratified random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 55 orang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam rentang waktu Juli–Desember 2024. Kuesioner yang digunakan adalah Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Skala OHIP-14 digunakan untuk mengukur kualitas hidup, sedangkan indeks DMF-T/def-t digunakan untuk mengukur status karies. Data yang digunakan merupakan data primer yang diambil dari formulir hasil pemeriksaan karies gigi siswa SDN 004 Teratak Buluh dan data penilaian kualitas hidup diambil dari hasil penilaian kuesioner OHIP-14. Uji analisis data menggunakan Chi-Square. Hasil:  Sebagian besar responden mengalami karies gigi sebanyak 80%, status kualitas hidup responden berkategori buruk sebanyak 67,3%. Uji statistik hubungan karies gigi dengan kualitas hidup menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan nilai p<0.001 Simpulan: Peningkatan kejadian karies gigi berhubungan dengan penurunan kualitas hidup pada anak usia sekolah dasar.      



Relationship between dental caries and quality of life among elementary school aged children : a cross-sectional study



Introduction: Dental caries is a common oral health problem worldwide and can significantly affect quality of life among children. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of dental caries in school-aged children worldwide ranges from 60% to 90%. According to the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI), the prevalence of dental caries in Indonesia was reported to reach 82.8%. Meanwhile, the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) report showed that the prevalence of dental caries in Indonesian children reached 88.8%, with the highest incidence observed among those aged 5–9 years and 10–14 years. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between dental caries and quality of life among children at SDN 004 Teratak Buluh. Methods: This study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used was stratified random sampling, with a total sample of 55 participants. Data collection was carried out from July to December 2024. The questionnaire was Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), which was used to measure quality of life, while the DMF-T/def-t index was used to measure caries status. Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test. Results: The majority of respondents experienced dental caries 80%, while 67.3% were categorized as having poor quality of life. Statistical analysis of the relationship between dental caries and quality of life showed a significant relationship (p <0.001) Conclusion: An increased incidence of dental caries was significantly associated with a decrease in quality of life among elementary school–aged children.

Keywords


Karies gigi, kualitas hidup, ohip-14, pengalaman karies, sekolah dasar

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jkg.v37i3.60135

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