Tingkat kepedulian ibu dikaji dari pengetahuan dan perilaku ibu terhadap status kesehatan rongga mulut anak sindrom Down: studi cross sectional

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Anak dengan sindrom Down memiliki risiko tinggi mengalami kesehatan rongga mulut yang buruk akibat gangguan motorik, gangguan kognitif serta rendahnya kepedulian ibu. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh tingkat kepedulian ibu yang berdasarkan pengetahuan dan perilaku ibu terhadap status kesehatan rongga mulut anak sindrom Down usia 6-12 tahun. Metode: Penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional dilakukan pada 30 anak sindrom Down dan Persatuan Orang Tua Anak sindrom Down (POTADS) di Yogyakarta dan Kebumen. Tingkat pengetahuan dan perilaku dinilai menggunakan kuesioner skala Guttman yang di kembangkan dari penelitian Arnela Nur. Status kesehatan rongga mulut anak diukur dengan gingival index (GI) dan patient hygiene performance index (PHP). Analisis statistik menggunakan uji correlation Spearman dan regresi linier berganda pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara perilaku ibu dengan GI (r=0,57; p<0,05), PHP (r=0,74; p<0,05) dan pengetahuan ibu dengan PHP (r=0,38; p<0,05) pengetahuan dengan PHP (r=-0,20; p>0,05) tidak bermakna. Kontribusi pengetahuan dan perilaku ibu terhadap GI memiliki nilai R²=0,39, sedangkan kontribusinya terhadap PHP adalah R²=0,67.  Simpulan: Pengetahuan ibu memiliki hubungan yang lemah terhadap penurunan skor PHP dan tidak berhubungan dengan GI ,anak, sedangkan perilaku ibu menunjukkan hubungan bermakna terhadap penurunan skor GI dan PHP anak, sehingga perilaku perawatan mulut yang baik dari ibu untuk anak dapat meningkatkan kesehatan rongga mulut anak sindrom Down.



Assessment of maternal concern based on mothers’ knowledge and behavior toward the oral health status of children with Down syndrome: a cross-sectional study

Introduction: Children with Down syndrome are at high risk for poor oral health due to motor impairments, cognitive limitations, and low levels of maternal concern. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of maternal concern, based on knowledge and behavior, on the oral health status of children with down syndrome aged 6-12 years. Methods: This observational study with a cross-sectional approach involved 30 children with Down syndrome and their mothers, members of Persatuan Orang Tua Anak Sindrom Down (POTADS) in Yogyakarta and Kebumen. Maternal knowledge and behavior were assessed using a Guttman scale questionnaire developed from the study of Arnela Nur. The children’s oral health status was measured using the Gingival Index (GI) and Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) Index. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation test and multiple linear regression at a 95% confidence level. Results: There was a significant relationship between maternal behavior and the GI (r=0.57; p<0.05) and PHP scores (r=0.74; p<0.05), as well as between maternal knowledge and PHP (r 0.38; p<0.05). However, the relationship between knowledge and GI was not significant (r=–0.20; p>0.05). The contribution of maternal knowledge and behavior to GI was R²=0.39, while their contribution to PHP was R²=0.67. Conclusion: Maternal knowledge showed a weak relationship with lower PHP scores and no association with GI, whereas maternal behavior showed a significant relationship with reduced GI and PHP scores in children. Thus, good maternal oral care behavior can improve the oral health status of children with Down syndrome.