Kajian kesesuaian cemaran logam berat dalam pasta gigi ekstrak biji kopi robusta berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia 8861:2020: Studi eksperimental

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Pasta gigi bermanfaat dalam upaya kontrol plak secara mekanis sehingga berperan dalam mencegah penyakit periodontal. Produk pasta gigi ekstrak biji kopi robusta dalam pasta gigi harus memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 8861:2020, diantaranya cemaran logam berat, Timbal (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Raksa (Hg) dan Arsen (As)  dapat mengganggu kesehatan tubuh manusia. Belum ada informasi tentang adanya cemaran logam berat dalam pasta gigi ekstrak biji kopi robusta. Tujuan penelitian mengkaji kesesuaian cemaran Pb, Cd, Hg dan As dalam pasta gigi ekstrak biji kopi robusta dengan standar SNI 8861:2020. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini eksperimental laboratoris dengan sampel pasta gigi ekstrak biji kopi robusta dengan konsentrasi 0,0625%, 0,125%, 0,25%, dan 0,5% serta plasebo. Pembuatan ekstrak biji kopi robusta menggunakan metode maserasi. Pembuatan pasta gigi plasebo dengan kandungan magnesium karbonat, kalsium karbonat, gliserin, propilen glikol, trietanolamin, oleum menthae piperithae, dan aquades steril. Pembuatan pasta gigi ekstrak biji kopi robusta dengan cara mencampur bahan pasta gigi plasebo dengan ekstrak biji kopi robusta 0,0625%, 0,125%, 0,25%, dan 0,5%. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji Pb, Cd, Hg dan As dengan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri serapan atom. Hasil: Kadar Pb pada kontrol negatif 1,382 dan  perlakuan 1,687–1,846. Kadar Cd pada kontrol negatif 0,240 dan perlakuan 0,216–0,239. Kadar Hg dan As pada semua kelompok 0. Seluruh kadar logam masih di bawah batas cemaran. Simpulan: Terdapat cemaran logam berat Pb dan Cd pada pasta gigi ekstrak biji kopi robusta dibawah batas maksimal berdasarkan SNI 8861:2020.


Analysis of the compliance of heavy metal contamination in robusta coffee bean extract toothpaste based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 8861:2020: an experimental laboratory study

Introduction: Toothpaste plays an important role in mechanical plaque control and in preventing periodontal disease. Natural ingredients, including robusta coffee beans, have been used in toothpaste formulations. Toothpaste products containing robusta coffee bean extract must meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 8861:2020, which includes provisions on heavy metal contamination (Pb, Cd, Hg, and As) that can affect human health. To date, there is no information available regarding the presence of heavy metal contamination in robusta coffee bean extract toothpaste. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the compliance of Pb, Cd, Hg and As contamination levels in robusta coffee bean extract toothpaste with the SNI 8861:2020 standard. Method: This study employed an experimental laboratory design using samples of robusta coffee bean extract toothpaste with concentrations of 0.0625%, 0.125%, 0.25%, and 0.5%, as well as a placebo. The robusta coffee bean extract was prepared using the maceration method. The placebo toothpaste was composed of magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, glycerin, propylene glycol, triethanolamine, oleum menthae piperitae, and sterile distilled water. The robusta coffee bean extract toothpaste was made by mixing the placebo base with the extract at concentrations of 0.0625%, 0.125%, 0.25%, and 0.5%. Subsequently, tests for Pb, Cd, Hg, and As contamination were carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Result: Pb levels in the negative control  group were 1.382,  while those in treatment groups ranged from 1.687 to 1.846. Cd levels in the negative control were 0.240, and in the treatment groups ranged from 0.216 to 0.239. Hg and As levels in all groups were 0. All measured levels of heavy metals remained below the contamination limits set by SNI 8861:2020. Conclusion: The findings showed the presence of Pb and Cd contamination in robusta coffee bean extract toothpaste. However, all concentrations were below the maximum permissible limits established in SNI 8861:2020.