Tantangan penegakan diagnosis dan tatalaksana bedah kista radikular asimtomatik: laporan kasus

Tamara Al Kautsar Sugiharto, Amelia Elizabeth Pranoto

Abstract


Pendahuluan: Kista radikular merupakan kista odontogenik asimtomatik yang berasal dari proliferasi abnormal sel-sel Rest of Malasszes pada apikal gigi nonvital. Kista radikular sering ditemukan secara tidak sengaja pada pemeriksaan radiografi. Pemeriksaan histopatologis dilakukan untuk menegakkan diagnosis definitif. Perawatan bedah bertujuan untuk mencegah rekurensi dan mendapatkan regenerasi jaringan. Tujuan laporan kasus ini untuk menyajikan mengenai tantangan penegakan diagnosis dan tatalaksana bedah kista radikular asimtomatik yang ditemukan insidental pada pasien hipertensi terkontrol dengan riwayat penggunaan gigi tiruan yang dibuat oleh tukang gigi. Laporan kasus: Seorang wanita datang ingin memperbarui gigi tiruannya. Dia sudah menggunakan gigi tiruan lama selama 5 tahun yang dibuat oleh tukang gigi. Pemeriksaan intraoral ditemukan masih ada sisa akar pada gigi anterior rahang atas. Hasil radiografi menunjukan gambaran radiolusen berukuran ± 1,5 mm x 2 mm dengan batas yang jelas dan tegas pada periapikal gigi 21 dan 22. Ekstraksi transalveolar dilakukan untuk mencabut sisa akar gigi 21 dan 22 kemudian dilakukan enukleasi dan kuretase kista pada periapikalnya. Jaringan dikirim ke laboratorium untuk mendapatkan pembacaan histopatologi. Hasil pemeriksaan histopatologi mendukung diagnosis kista radikular. Agen hemostatik diletakkan pada dead space untuk menghentikan perdarahan dan mempercepat proses proliferasi jaringan. Jahitan dilakukan dengan teknik simple interrupted dengan benang silk 4.0. Kontrol 2 minggu setelahnya untuk melepas benang jahitan dan tidak ditemukan keluhan dari pasien. Simpulan: Pemeriksaan klinis, radiografi, dan histopatologi yang baik dapat mendukung penegakan diagnosis kista radikular. Perawatan bedah dengan enukleasi kista bertujuan untuk mencegah rekurensi kista radikular. Medikasi yang tepat membantu mencegah adanya komplikasi pasca operasi.


Challenges in the diagnosis and surgical management of asymptomatic radicular cysts: a case report


Introduction: A radicular cyst is an asymptomatic odontogenic cyst that originates from the abnormal proliferation of epithelial rests of Malassez in the periapical area of a non-vital tooth. Radicular cysts are often discovered incidentally during radiographic examination. Histopathological analysis is essential to establish a definitive diagnosis. Surgical management aims to prevent recurrence and promote tissue regeneration. This case report aims to describe the challenges in diagnosing and surgically managing an asymptomatic radicular cyst that was incidentally discovered in a patient with controlled hypertension and a history of using dentures fabricated by a dental technician. Case report: A female patient presented to replace her existing denture, which had been in use for five years and was fabricated by a dental technician. Intraoral examination revealed retained roots in the anterior maxillary region. Radiographic evaluation showed a well-defined radiolucent area measuring approximately 1.5 mm × 2 mm in the periapical region of teeth 21 and 22. A transalveolar extraction procedure was performed to remove the remaining roots of teeth 21 and 22, followed by cyst enucleation and curettage at the periapical site. The tissue was sent to the laboratory for histopathological examination, which supported the diagnosis of a radicular cyst. A hemostatic agent was placed in the dead space to control bleeding and facilitate tissue healing. Suturing was performed using the simple interrupted technique with 4.0 silk sutures. A follow-up appointment was scheduled two weeks postoperatively to remove the sutures, and the patient reported no complaints during the visit. Conclusion: Comprehensive clinical, radiographic, and histopathological examinations are essential for establishing the diagnosis of a radicular cyst. Surgical treatment with cyst enucleation aims to prevent recurrence. Appropriate postoperative management helps minimize complications.


Keywords


kista radikular, asimtomatik, radiografi, histopatologi, enukleasi

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jkg.v37i3.61699

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