Kandungan Lignin, Selulosa dan Bahan Ekstrak Tanpa Nitrogen L.Minor Hasil Fermentasi Menggunakan Trichoderma harzianum dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Abstract
Latar Belakang dan Tujuan: L. minor telah digunakan sebagai pakan ternak, mengandung nutrient sangat lengkap yaitu protein kasar (22,4%), asam amino lisin (6,9%), metionin (1,4%), dan histidin (2,7%) tetapi kandungan serat kasar (10,16%) dan lignin (17,98%) tinggi. Penggunaan L. minor pada unggas dibatasi hingga 5%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan kandungan lignin, selulosa paling rendah dan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen paling tinggi L. minor hasil fermentasi dengan menggunakan Trichoderma harzianum (Th) dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc). Bahan dan Metode: Fermentasi L. minor dibagi menjadi dua tahap: I. Th (3 x 107 spora / 100 gram substrat) dengan menambahkan ZnCO3 (186 ppm) dan dl-methionine (286 ppm); II. Sc (3 x 107 spora / 100 gram substrat). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 20 unit percobaan. Perlakuan terdiri atas P1 (Fermentasi menggunakan Th selama 1 hari dilanjutkan dengan Sc selama 9 hari), P2 (Th selama 3 hari dilanjutkan dengan Sc selama 7 hari), P3 (Th selama 5 hari dilanjutkan dengan Sc selama 5 hari), P4 ( Th selama 7 hari dilanjutkan dengan Sc selama 3 hari), P5 (Th selama 9 hari dilanjutkan dengan Sc selama 1 hari) diulang empat kali. Pengaruh perlakuan dianalisis dengan analisis varian dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara perlakuan. Hasil: Fermentasi menggunakan Th dan Sc memiliki efek yang signifikan (P <0,05) pada kandungan lignin, selulosa dan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen. Waktu fermentasi paling baik adalah fermentasi dengan menggunakan Th selama 3 hari dan Sc selama 7 hari (P2) yang meningkatkan BETN (34,42%), dan menurunkan Lignin(1,25%) dan Selulosa (10,62%). Kesimpulan: Fermentasi L. minor dengan kombinasi Th selama 3 hari dan Sc selama 7 hari dengan menambahkan dl-methionine dan Zn telah menghasilkan BETN tertinggi, kandungan lignin dan selulosa terendah.
Kata kunci: Kualitas nutrien L. minor, itik, fermentasi, Trichoderma harzianum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J.H., 1991. Principles and Procedures of Statistics, A Biometric Approach. 2nd Ed. Translation by B. Sumantri. Jakarta: PT. Scholastic Press.
Wan C, Li Y., 2012. Fungal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Biotechnol Adv. ;30(6):1447-57.
Xu, J., Cui, W., Cheng, J.J., and Stomp, A.M., 2011. Production of High-Starch Duckweed
and Its Conversion to Bioethanol. Biosystems Engineering 110 (2), 67–72.
Zhao X., Moates G. K., Wellner N., Collins S. R A., Coleman M. J., and Waldron K. W.,
Chemical Characterisation and Analysis of the Cell Wall Polysaccharides of
Duckweed (Lemna Minor). Carbohydrate Polymers 111, 410–18.
Akter, M., Chowdhury, S.D., Akter Y., and Khatun M.A., 2011. Effect of duckweed (Lemna sp. minor) meal in the diet of mial in the diet of laying Hen and their performances. Banglades Res, Pub. J. 5(3):252-261.
Arif,A.R., Andi, E, E., Hasnah, N., Ilham, H., Maudy,A,A. 2018. Optimasi Pretreatment melalui Metode Hydrothermal Pressure dan Pelarut Alkali pada Produksi Bioetanol dari Lemna minor. ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia, Vol. 14(1) 2018, 95-106.
Anggorodi, R. 1984. Ilmu Makanan Ternak Umum. PT Gramedia.
Chesson, A. 1981. Effects of sodium hydroxide on cereal straws in relation to the enhanced degradation of of structural polysaccharides by rumen microorganisms. Journal Of The Science Food And Agriculture, Vol(32), Issue 8, 745-758.
Enari, T.M. (1983). Microbial Cellulase. New York: Applied Science Publisher.
Fardiaz, S. (1992). Mikrobiologi Pangan I. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Gwaze, F. R. and M. Mwale, 2015. The Prospect of Duckweed in Pig Nutrition: A Review. Journal of Agricultural Science., 7: 189. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v7n11p189.
Ginting, S. P. and Krisnan, R., 2006. The Effect of fermentation using several strains of trichoderma and different incubation period to the chemical composition of palm kernel. Livestock research center Indonesia, 5-6 September 2016. Ministry of Agriculture Indonesia., pp: 944.
Haustetn, A. T., Gilman, R. H., Skillicorn, P. W., Vergara, V., Guevara, V., and Gastanaduy, A., 1990. Duckweed, a useful strategy for feeding chickens: performance of layers fed with sewage-grown Lemnacea species. Poultry Science., 69(11): 1835-1844. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0691835.
Hensing, M.C.M., Rouwenhorst, R.J., Heijnen, J.J., Van Dijken, J.P. and Pronk, J.T., 1995. Physiological and technological aspects of large-scale heterologous-protein production with yeasts. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek., 67(3): 261-279.
Parisutham, V., Kim, T. H., and Lee, S. K. (2014). "Feasibilities of consolidated bioprocessing microbes: from pretreatment to biofuel production," Bioresource Technology 161, 431-440. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.114.
Setiyatwan, H., 2007. Quality Improvement of Duckweed Nutrition through Fermentation using Trichoderma harzianum. Journal of Animal Science Padjadjaran University., 7.
Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J.H., 1991. Principles and Procedures of Statistics, A Biometric Approach. 2nd Ed. Translation by B. Sumantri. Jakarta: PT. Scholastic Press.
Wan C, Li Y., 2012. Fungal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Biotechnol Adv. ;30(6):1447-57.
Xu, J., Cui, W., Cheng, J.J., and Stomp, A.M., 2011. Production of High-Starch Duckweed
and Its Conversion to Bioethanol. Biosystems Engineering 110 (2), 67–72.
Zhao X., Moates G. K., Wellner N., Collins S. R A., Coleman M. J., and Waldron K. W.,
Chemical Characterisation and Analysis of the Cell Wall Polysaccharides of
Duckweed (Lemna Minor). Carbohydrate Polymers 111, 410–18.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jit.v18i2.19504
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