Perubahan frekuensi alel gen Growth Hormone pada populasi kambing keturunan Boer dan hubungannya dengan ukuran tubuh
Abstract
Crossbreeding antara ternak lokal dengan eksotik merupakan salah satu strategi peningkatan produktivitas ternak. Metode ini akan mengubah frekuensi alel-alel gen yang bertanggung jawab pada sifat seperti pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan frekuensi alel gen Growth Hormone (GH) dan hubungannya dengan ukuran tubuh populasi kambing keturunan Boer. Sebanyak 44 ekor kambing terdiri dari kambing Boer, dan keturunannya dengan Jawa Randu bernama Boerja F1, F2 dan F3 digunakan sebagai sumber DNA. Tipe alel ditentukan dengan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) menggunakan enzim HaeIII. Ukuran tubuh diukur pada lingkar dada (LD), panjang badan (PB), dan tinggi gumba (TG). Dua tipe alel gen GH yaitu A dan B, dengan variasi genotipe AA dan AB teramati pada penelitian ini. Frekuensi alel A pada populasi kambing Boerja F1, F2, dan F3 adalah 0,50; 0,57; dan 0,59, sedangkan alel B adalah 0,50; 0,43; and 0,41, berturut-turut. Nilai heterozigositas populasi Boerja F1 ke F3 teramati mengalami penurunan, dan ukuran tubuh LD antar populasi menunjukkan perbedaan nyata (p<0,05). Berdasarkan penelitian ini, disimpulkan bahwa perubahan frekuensi alel gen GH berhubungan dengan ukuran tubuh keturunan kambing Boer.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jit.v21i1.33425
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