Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak brokoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutansAntibacterial activity test of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) extract towards Streptococcus mutans

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Karies gigi merupakan penyakit yang sering dikeluhkan masyarakat di Indonesia dan penyebabnya multifaktor, salah satunya adalah bakteri yaitu bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Bahan alam dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antibakteri, diantaranya brokoli. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak bunga brokoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratoris secara in-vitro. Tanaman yang digunakan adalah brokoli segar sebanyak 14 kg yang didapat dari daerah Padang Laweh, Kota Padang Panjang Provinsi Sumatera Barat dan bagian yang digunakan adalah bunga brokoli.  Metode ekstraksi pada penelitian ini dengan teknik maserasi. Ekstrak brokoli dimasukkan ke dalam tabung gelap 2,5 liter dan dituangkan etanol 96% sebanyak 6 liter dan didiamkan selama 5 hari. Konsentrasi ekstrak brokoli yang digunakan adalah 10%, 30 %, 50%, 70%, dan 90% dengan pelarut aquades. Preparat apus bakteri dibuat dengan cara, menaruh satu ose biak pada gelas obyek dan dilakukan pengamatan mikroskop. Pengujian efektivitas antibakteri dengan metode difusi. Pertumbuhan bakteri dan zona hambat yang terbentuk yang ditandai dengan adanya zona bening kemudian ukur dengan electronic digital caliper. Pengujian secara statistik dengan tingkat signifikansi 5% dengan menggunakan aplikasi statistik SPSS 22.0 dengan uji one-way ANOVA. Hasil: Rerata diameter daya hambat diperoleh pada konsentrasi 10% (1,42 mm), 30% (2,73 mm), 50% (5,83 mm), 70% (8,92 mm). Daya hambat tertinggi pada konsentrasi 90% yaitu 11,07 mm. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan terhadap daya hambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Simpulan: Semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak brokoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) semakin efektif terhadap daya hambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans.

Kata kunci: Diameter penghambatan, ekstrak brokoli, Streptococcus mutans,

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Dental caries is a disease often complained in Indonesia with multifactorial causes, one of which is Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Natural remedies can be used as an antibacterial agent, including broccoli. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) extract towards Streptococcus mutans. Methods: This research was in-vitro experimental laboratory research. The plants used were 14 kg of fresh broccoli obtained from the Padang Laweh area, Padang Panjang City, West Sumatra Province, and the part used was the flowers. The extraction method used was maceration technique. Broccoli extract was put into a 2.5-litre dark tube, and as much as 6 litres of 96% ethanol was poured and allowed to stand for 5 days. The concentration of broccoli extract used was 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% with distilled water. Bacterial lear preparation was made by placing a multiply on the glass of the object and observing the microscope; the effectiveness of antibacterial was tested by the diffusion method. Bacterial growth and inhibition zones formed was marked by the presence of clear zones and then measure with an electronic digital calliper. Statistical testing with a significance level of 5% using the statistical application SPSS 22.0 with one-way ANOVA test. Results: The mean diameter of inhibition was obtained at the concentrations of 10% (1.42 mm), 30% (2.73 mm), 50% (5.83 mm), 70% (8.92 mm). The highest inhibitory potential was found at a concentration of 90% (11.07 mm). There was a significant difference in the inhibitory of Streptococcus mutans growth. Conclusion: The higher the concentration of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) extract, the more effective the inhibitory of Streptococcus mutans bacteria.

Keywords: Inhibitory zone, broccoli extract, Streptococcus mutans,