Efek konsumsi kopi arabika selama masa laktasi pada tikus Wistar terhadap erupsi gigi anak tikusThe effect of Arabica coffee consumption during lactation of breastfeeding Wistar rats on the tooth eruption of the offsprings

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Kopi merupakan minuman yang sering dikonsumsi masyarakat, biasanya diminum 1-3 cangkir per hari dengan kandungan kafein 60-200mg.  Konsumsi kafein lebih dari 300mg perhari akan mengganggu kesehatan, khususnya saat masa laktasi. Kafein menyebabkan terhambatnya absorpsi kalsium, sehingga jumlah kalsium dalam tubuh ibu dan bayinya akan berkurang.  Apabila saat masa laktasi ibu mengonsumsi kopi berlebihan, diperkirakan bayi akan mengalami gangguan pertumbuhan gigi berupa keterlambatan erupsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh konsumsi kopi Arabika saat masa laktasi terhadap erupsi gigi anak tikus. Metode: Jenis penelitian eksperimental laboratoris. Penelitian ini menggunakan 12 tikus Wistar betina yang sedang menyusui, yang terbagi menjadi 3 kelompok yakni: kelompok kontrol (K), kelompok perlakuan kopi dosis normal (P1) dan kelompok perlakuan kopi dosis berlebih (P2). Kopi diberikan dalam bentuk seduhan dengan teknik sondase selama masa laktasi (21 hari). Satu anak tikus dari masing-masing induk tikus dilakukan euthanasia pada hari ke-22, kemudian dilakukan foto periapikal, selanjutnya kecepatan erupsi gigi diukur dengan CorelDraw X8. Data yang diperoleh diuji menggunakan uji one-way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan uji Least Significant Difference (LSD). Hasil: Uji one-way ANOVA memperlihatkan nilai p=0,0001 (p<0,05) yang menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna dari kecepatan erupsi gigi di antara kelompok kontrol, kelompok perlakuan kopi dosis normal dan dosis berlebih. Simpulan: Konsumsi kopi Arabika pada tikus selama masa laktasi dapat menghambat erupsi gigi anak tikus.

Kata kunci: Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica), laktasi, erupsi gigi.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Coffee is a beverage commonly consumed by the population, typically consumed approximately 1-3 cups a day with 60-200 mg of caffeine content. Consumption of more than 300 mg of caffeine per day will interfere with the health, especially for mothers during the lactation period. Caffeine induces calcium absorption reduction, thereby reducing the amount of calcium in the mother’s body as well as the baby. If the mother drinks excessive coffee during the lactation period, the baby is suspected to be having tooth development disorders such as delayed eruption. This research was aimed to analyse the effect of Arabica coffee consumption during lactation of breastfeeding Wistar rats on the tooth eruption of the offsprings. Methods: This research was an experimental laboratory. The research sample was 12 breastfeeding female Wistar rats that were divided into three groups, namely the control group, the standard dose coffee treatment group, and the overdose coffee treatment group. Coffee was administered during the lactation period (21 days) in the form of steeping with the sonde technique. One of the offsprings from each breastfeeding rats was euthanised on the 22nd day after birth. A periapical photo was taken, then the tooth eruption speed was measured with CorelDraw X8 software. The data collected were analysed using one-way ANOVA and proceeded with the LSD test. Results: The one-way ANOVA test showed the p-value = 0.0001 (p < 0.05) which indicated a significant difference in the tooth-eruption speed between the control group, the standard dose coffee treatment group, and the overdose coffee treatment group. Conclusion: Arabica coffee consumption during lactation period may delay the teeth eruption of the offsprings.

Keywords: Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica), lactation, teeth eruption.