Pengalaman karies, penyakit periodontal, dan keadaan sistemik pada ibu hamil

Caries experience, periodontal disease, and systemic conditions of pregnant women

Revi Sarah Fadhilah, Anne Agustina Suwargiani, Netty Suryanti

Abstract


ABSTRAK

Pendahuluan: Kehamilan akan memengaruhi hampir setiap aspek kehidupan wanita. Selama kehamilan, terjadi beberapa perubahan sistemik seperti perubahan hormon dan sistem imun yang dapat meningkatkan kerentanan ibu hamil terhadap penyakit gigi dan mulut seperti karies dan penyakit periodontal. Perubahan tersebut dapat juga menimbulkan komplikasi pada ibu hamil seperti timbulnya penyakit sistemik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengalaman karies, penyakit periodontal, dan keadaan sistemik pada ibu hamil. Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif cross-sectional. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 50 ibu hamil. Variabel pengalaman karies diukur menggunakan indeks DMF-T. Penyakit periodontal diukur menggunakan Community Periodontal Index, dan keadaan sistemik diambil dari rekam medis. Hasil: Indeks DMF-T ibu hamil 9,9 termasuk kategori sedang, Hasil CPI yaitu periodontal sehat 0%, perdarahan gusi 2%, kalkulus 84%, poket 4–5 mm 14%, poket ≥6 mm 0%. Keadaan sistemik ibu hamil 70% sehat, 18% anemia, dan 12% hipertensi. Simpulan: Pengalaman karies ibu hamil berada pada kriteria sedang, sedangkan penyakit periodontal paling banyak adalah gingivitis. Keadaan sistemik ibu hamil paling banyak ditemukan dalam keadaan sehat dan hanya terdapat sedikit ibu hamil yang memiliki penyakit sistemik seperti anemia dan hipertensi.

Kata kunci: ibu hamil; indeks DMF-T; Community Periodontal Index; keadaan sistemik

 

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Pregnancy will affect almost every aspect of a woman’s life. During pregnancy, there are several system-ic changes such as hormonal and immune system changes that can increase the susceptibility of pregnant women to oral diseases such as caries and periodontal disease. These changes can also cause complications in pregnant women, such as the emergence of systemic diseases. This study aimed to determine the caries experience, periodontal disease, and systemic conditions of pregnant women. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with a purposive sampling technique was conducted on 50 pregnant women. The caries experi-ence variable was measured using the DMF-T index; periodontal disease was measured using the Community Periodontal Index; systemic conditions were taken from medical records. Results: DMF-T index of pregnant women (9.9) was in the moderate category; CPI results were 0% healthy periodontal, 2% gingival bleeding, 84% calculus, 14% 4-5 mm pocket, 0% 6 mm pocket. The systemic condition of pregnant women was 70% healthy, 18% anaemic, and 12% hypertension. Conclusions: The caries experience of pregnant women is in moderate criteria, while gingivitis is the most common periodontal disease. The systemic condition of pregnant women is mainly healthy, while there are only a few pregnant women with systemic diseases such as anaemia and hypertension.

Keywords: pregnant women; DMF-T index; Community Periodontal Index (CPI); systemic conditions


Keywords


ibu hamil; indeks DMF-T; Community Periodontal Index; keadaan sistemik; pregnant women; DMF-T index; systemic conditions

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/pjdrs.v6i1.28475

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