Asimetri ketinggian kondilus dan gejala temporomandibular disorder pada pasien edentulous: studi observasional

Rauzanya Amara; Belly Sam; Yurika Ambar Lita

doi:10.24198/pjdrs.v7i3.48118

Asimetri ketinggian kondilus dan gejala temporomandibular disorder pada pasien edentulous: studi observasional

Rauzanya Amara, Belly Sam, Yurika Ambar Lita

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Pendahuluan: Asimetri kondilus merupakan keadaan terjadinya disproporsi ketinggian vertikal kondilus kiri dan kanan. Edentulisme, atau keadaan hilangnya gigi, dapat mengganggu fungsi mastikasi, estetik, dan bicara. Migrasi patologis gigi yang disebabkan oleh kehilangan gigi dapat menyebabkan maloklusi, yang selanjutnya memberikan beban berlebih pada TMJ. Beban berlebih telah dihubungkan dengan perbedaan morfologi kondilus kanan dan kiri. Peneliti belum banyak menemukan publikasi mengenai hubungan edentulous dengan asimetri kondilus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui asimetri kondilus serta gejala TMD pada pasien edentulous. Metode: Penelitian observasional secara potong lintang dilakukan pada pasien edentulous yang datang ke Instalasi Radiologi RSGM Unpad untuk mengambil foto radiograf panoramik. Pasien diminta untuk mengisi kuesioner pertanyaan TMD-DI dan pertanyaan terkait keterangan edentulous pasien. Radiograf panoramik dilakukan pengukuran menggunakan indeks Habets untuk menentukan ada atau tidaknya asimetri kondilus. Hasil: Hasil kuesioner dan data panoramik digunakan untuk membagi kluster sampel. Data ditampilkan dalam distribusi frekuensi. Didapatkan 54 sampel yang mengalami edentulous parsial pada gigi posterior. Asimetri kondilus ditemukan pada 51.85% sampel. Asimetri kondilus lebih sering ditemukan pada sampel perempuan dan sampel di kelompok usia 50-60 tahun. Berdasarkan variabel edentulous, sampel lebih sering mengalami asimetri kondilus pada kelompok kehilangan 6–10 gigi, sampel dengan kehilangan gigi di 4 kuadran, dan sampel dengan durasi edentulous 3 bulan – 1 tahun. Asimetri kondilus juga lebih sering ditemui pada sampel yang mendapatkan hasil skoring TMD-DI negatif. Simpulan: Asimetri kondilus banyak ditemukan pada pasien edentulous. Pasien edentulous dengan gejala TMD tidak banyak ditemui pada penelitian ini.

KATA KUNCI: Asimetri kondilus, edentulisme, TMD, radiografi panoramik, indeks Habets

Condylar asymmetry and TMD symptoms in edentulous patients: observational study

ABSTRACT

Introduction:Condylar asymmetry refers to a disproportion in the vertical height of the left and right condyles. Edentulism can interfere with mastication, esthetics, and speech function. Pathological migration of teeth caused by tooth loss can lead to malocclusion, further overloading the TMJ. Overload of the TMJ has been associated with differences in the morphology of the right and left condyles. The relationship between condylar asymmetry and edentulism is still a subject that is rarely studied. This study aims to look at the asymmetry of the condyle height in edentulous patients along with TMD symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on edentulous patients who came to the Radiology Installation of Padjadjaran University Dental Hospital to take a panoramic radiograph. Subjects were asked to fill out a questionnaire. The patients’ panoramic radiograph data was taken to evaluate condylar asymmetry using the Habets asymmetry index. Results:The results of the questionnaire and panoramic data were used to divide the sample clusters. 54 samples with posterior edentulism were obtained. Condylar asymmetry was found more commonly in women and samples aged 50 to 60 years. Based on edentulism, samples with 6 to 10 missing teeth, samples with missing teeth in 4 quadrants, and samples with a duration of edentulism for 3 months - 1 year had more condylar asymmetry. Condylar asymmetry was also more prevalent in samples with negative TMD-DI results. Conclusion:The number of edentulous patients with condylar asymmetry is slightly greater than that with condylar symmetry. Only a few samples displayed TMD symptoms

KEY WORDS: Condylar asymmetry, edentulism, TMD, panoramic radiography, Habets index

Keywords

Asimetri kondilus, edentulisme, TMD, radiografi panoramik, indeks Habets, Condylar asymmetry, edentulism, TMD, panoramic radiography, Habets index

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/pjdrs.v7i3.48118