Perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan kesadaran ayah dan ibu pasien celah bibir dan celah langit-langit non sindromik terkait perawatan ortodonti: studi cross sectional

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Pendahuluan: Celah bibir dan langit-langit non sindromik (CBLns) merupakan kondisi cacat kraniofasial kongenital yang umum terjadi pada populasi seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia. Pasien CBLns umumnya menjalani proses perawatan cukup panjang, membutuhkan pendekatan multidisiplin termasuk perawatan ortodonti serta dukungan orang tua. Pengetahuan, sikap, dan kesadaran pada orang tua memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung keberhasilan perawatan ortodonti khususnya pada pasien CBLns. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan kesadaran ayah dan ibu pasien CBLns terkait perawatan ortodonti. Metode: Metode penelitian kuantitatif cross sectional dengan survei analitik komparatif menggunakan uji non parametrik Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney. Populasi penelitian merupakan orang tua pasien CBLns yang terdaftar di Yayasan Pembina Penderita Celah Bibir dan Langit-Langit (YPPBCL) Bandung Jawa Barat (2017 - 2022) menggunakan teknik random sampling diperoleh besar sampel sebesar 51 orang. Penelitian menggunakan kuesioner pengetahuan, sikap, dan kesadaran terkait perawatan ortodonti kemudian skor dikelompokkan menjadi kategori baik, cukup, dan kurang. Hasil: Total 92 orang responden yaitu ayah (46) dan ibu (46). Persentase tingkat pengetahuan ibu pada kategori baik lebih tinggi dibanding pada ayah (36,96%;26,09%). Persentase tingkat sikap ibu dan ayah lebih dominan pada kategori cukup (28,26%;27,17%), persentase tingkat kesadaran ibu dan ayah dominan pada kategori baik (42,39%;41,39%). Hasil analitik tingkat pengetahuan ayah dan ibu diperoleh nilai p = 0,0280 (p<0,05), tingkat sikap mendapatkan nilai p = 0,8396 (p>0,05), dan tingkat kesadaran dengan nilai p = 0,8550 (p>0,05). Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan ayah dan ibu, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan tingkat sikap dan kesadaran ayah dan ibu pada pasien CBLns terkait perawatan ortodonti.

KATA KUNCI: Celah bibir dan langit-langit, pengetahuan, sikap, kesadaran, perawatan ortodonti.

Level of knowledge, attitude, and awareness of parents with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate patients towards orthodontic treatment: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (nsCLP) is one of the commonest congenital craniofacial defects in populations around the world, including Indonesia. nsCLP patients generally undergo a long treatment process, requiring a multidisciplinary approach including orthodontic treatment, as well as parental support to achieve successful treatment. Knowledge, attitude, and awareness of both parents and patients have an important role in supporting the success of orthodontic treatment, especially in nsCLP patients. The purpose of this study was to measure the level of knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of parents in nsCLP patients regarding orthodontic treatment. Methods: This research method was quantitative cross sectional with a comparative analytic survey using the Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney non-parametric test. This research used a questionnaire divided into 3 parts; knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of orthodontic treatment. The scores were grouped into good, fair, and poor categories. Results: A total of 92 respondents: father (46) and mother (46) participated in this study. Knowledge level of the mother was in the ‘good’ category and was higher than the father’s (36,96% and 26,09%). The attitude levels of the mother and father were dominantly moderate with 28,26% and 27,17%. Awareness level of the mother in the ‘good’ category was almost the same as the father's (42,39% and 41,39%). Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney test. The analytic results of knowledge level between the father and the mother were obtained with p-value = 0.0280 (p<0.05); attitude level with p-value = 0.8396 (p>0.05), and awareness level with p-value = 0.8550 (p>0.05). Conclusion: There is a difference in the level of knowledge between father and mother in nsCLP patients towards orthodontic treatment, but there is no difference in the level of attitude and awareness between the father and the mother towards orthodontic treatment.

KEY WORDS: cleft lip and palate, knowledge, attitude, awareness, orthodontic treatment.